Essay --

Social Media marketing is modern marketing communication tool that helps marketers to engage with customers, prospects and other stakeholders of the business online. These are relatively low-cost communication impart that help firms to personalize theirs brands among the orchestrate audience. Primarily social media marketing assists companies to spread their intended messages mainly with the use of words, videos and photos. Some of the widely used social media impart are Facebook, LinkedIn, Twitter, Google+, Pinterest and Myspace. One of the major objectives of social media marketing is to communicate product and service offerings to those who interested in and also to make them visible to new target markets. Importantly social media channels create brand personalities, strong presence and relationships within the selected audiences. Social media provides firms with the opportunity of creating repeat and loyal customer base. The flowing laughingstock be identified as some key dif ferences between social and traditional media tactics. Building relationships through advertsIt is evident that theres less or no interaction with target audiences with the use of traditional media tactics. They will only help firms to present their product or service. Whereas with use of social media, companies will be able to truly interact with customers and will help to build sustainable relationships through active and real communication.Operates within the boundaries of internet Traditional media tactics go beyond internet to try to come to stack in off-line. Even today there are significant amount of customers who are yet assign online due to a number of reasons. By concentrating only on social media tactics, a company would not be able to communicate ... ... as 1) to adjudicate whether the campaign adds value to the brand 2) to determine any necessary changes to make to the campaign 3) to obtain customer feedback 4) follow up leads. The effectiveness of a social marketi ng program will mainly depend on the following factors,1)Align with the set objectives of the campaign (Targeted and focused)2)Effects on brand awareness and reach (Number of people follows on Twitter number of Facebook likes, number of downloads etc.)3)Lead generation (people who shown interest via Twitter, returning visitors etc.)4)Sales/ conversion rate (online purchases, favorable comments, referrals, number of people registered)5)Level of interaction/ dedication of the marketing team (regular updates, comments, tweets) 6)Value additions within the campaign (games, mobile apps) encourage people to actively participate in the campaign.

In Book Two of Homer’s The Odyssey Telemakhos gains a significant amount :: Classics

In Book Two of Homers The Odyssey Telemakhos gains a significant amount of confidence and decides to call an fabrication. At the assemblyThe Odyssey In Book Two of Homers The Odyssey Telemakhos gains a significantamount of confidence and decides to call an assembly. At the assemblya wise composition Aigyptios presents the listeners with a r ar introduction.He states that an assembly has not occurred for about twenty social classs andcommends the individual that had the audacity to call one. At thisassembly Telemakhos protests fervently that his female parents suitors beexpelled since they have no respect and appreciation for theirgenerosity these men spend their days around our house killing ourbeeves and sheep and fatted goats , carousing , alky up our gooddark wine, not caring what they do.At the end of Telemakhoss first battle to persuade the minds of theAkhaians against the suitors, a fellow attracter named Antinoos decidesto defend his fellow suitors. Antinoos counteracts Telemakhous claimsinforming everyone that the suitors should not be criticized sincePenelope is the one to blame you should know the suitors are not toblame but it is your own love incomparably cunning mother .Hefurther adds that she has been deceiving them with her clever abilityto avoid any decisions about marriage and gives the example of herunwoven loom.The suitors then commands that Telemakhos takes immediate action andeither evict Miss Penelope from the house or compel her to marry theman her father suggests. Telemakhos makes a firm stance against thesuitors suggestions and insists that he will never turn his motherout.During Telemakhoss plead to save his mother a pair of eagles appearsin the sky. Another heated disputation then rises between Halitherses andEurymakhos in which Halitherses argues that the sighting of eaglesforetells that Odysseus arrival is near and that the suitors will facegrave danger if they dont leave, while Eurymachus protests that thesighting of the bi rds are insignificant Bird life aplenty is found inthe sunny air, not all of it is significant.Telemakhos concludes that he is finished with appeals and will let theGods do the justice. whole he desires is to locate a fast ship and acrew of men to carry out a voyage and arrive at a conclusion about hisfather whereabouts If hes alive and beating his way home you mighthold out for another weary year..then I can come back to my own dearcountry and raise a mound for him..After the assembly Telemakhos feels a sense of thrashing and decides to

What is Adequate Health Care and Who Has the Right to Receive It? :: Ethics and Health Care

IntroductionThroughout the universe, in countries rich and poor, people have no admission to basic physical and mental healthc ar nor to immunizations from infectious disease. Some people have no access because they lack the resources to buy and the state does non provide it. Others may be able to afford healthcare but because there are no services available in their communities they must do without it. In some countries because of discrimination or social stigmas much(prenominal) as a persons status as a prisoner, refugee, immigrant or a member of a lower class or caste they are deprived of this basic human right. However alone people should have access to affordable universal healthcare. In a nation of such wealth and abundance, rights and freedoms, there is no justification for an individual to be without healthcare. The right to health extends to all things which promote health and well-being and prevent illness and disease, not just access to medical care. This includes, am ong many others, the right to education, food and shelter, to freedom from discrimination and persecution, to information, and to the benefits of science. each woman, man, and child has the human right to the highest attainable standard of physical and mental health, without discrimination of any kind. Enjoyment of human right to health, is vital to all aspects of a persons life and well-being, and is authoritative to the realization of many other fundamental human rights and freedoms. The United States is the only industrialized country in the world in which healthcare is not a right of citizenship. As a result, the United States has the worst healthcare statistics in the industrialized world.Thesis Statement woeful health and inadequate health care are often related to human rights violations violation that under fulfillment of human rights are often collectible to poor health and lack of access to health care. The link is direct in the case of other basic social and economic hu man rights such as the right to a standard of living adequate for the health and well-being of oneself, and ones family. Nevertheless, poverty and lack of health protection are indirectly linked to failures to secure civil rights.Some of the realizations of other human rights are not possible if an individual cannot maintain his/her own health. Most crucial health needs includes the prevention of stillbirths and infant mortality the improvement of environmental and industrial hygiene, the prevention treatment, and control of diseases, with the provision of medical care to the sick.

COMPARE AND CONTRAST THE WAY WORDSWORTH AND HUGHES WRITE ABOUT NATURE E

COMPARE AND CONTRAST THE WAY WORDSWORTH AND HUGHES WRITE ABOUT NATUREIN THEIR POEMS DAFFODILS AND THISTLESHughes wrote the poem Thistles which is nigh how these plants are.He speaks to the highest degree them as if they were a sign of violence, and violentcreatures. He views them as a symbol of vengeance, pain and threat.The thistles are spiky and can damage anyone. They are dull, immortal,green, rough, and produce a big amount of chaos, written inWordsworth on the other hand, wrote around Daffodils which are smallgolden flowers. They look vivid, colorful and peaceful. These flowersproduce a state of calm, sweet and memorable moments. Written inromantic era of literature, in 1804Each poet creates a different mood in their poems. Hughes use ofimagery creates a bad and nasty mood. It even creates horrible andmean moods, and sometimes a scary mood. The use of imagery has a yard to it as well the purpose of it is to make people get avision, a small depiction, and a picture in their minds of what thistleslook alike, and what they do to be so painful. Hughes way of usingimagery is good as it explains whatever he sees it shows that he canuse other things or words to explain his views. An example of thisimagery is the line that says everyone manages a plume of blood thismakes people think that everyone has a river of blood on them, so itbrings a horrible scene into peoples minds. Wordsworth doesnt usemuch imagery but whenever he does, he uses it in such a way thatpeople motivation to continue to read the poem a few more times. His was ofusing imagery makes people get a nice and pleasant view of thedaffodils, like for example in the line tossing their heads insprightly dance this shows t... ...w, which makes you want tokeep the scene in mind all the time and makes you think about thedaffodils. But, when you think about the scene of the thistles poem,it isnt as nice and pleasant. This is because the thistles representa battle, a fight, in which death is involve d, when you read it, itreminds you of wars, of fires and all unpleasant memories. Thedaffodils basically show happiness and joy to everyone, that is why Iprefer it. The words that the poet uses in order to describe the poemare exceedingly special as they describe the location in which thedaffodils can be found and admired. In the poem he doesnt talk aboutthe daffodils beside the lake, it also talks about how it affected hislife and how he kept on thinking in the daffodils after being in thelake. This poem is more memorable than the thistles one, which is whyI prefer it more.

Dracula :: essays research papers

Dracula, by Bram Stoker, is a classic tale of Gothicism. Traditionally, gothic tales only carried single makeup of horror. Through Dracula, Stoker breaks this single theme barrier. The theme throughout Dracula is clearly displayed through the characters as they step from ignorance to realization in this tale of horror.The theme of ignorance is vital for this story. It is woven throughout and unequivocal in all the characters. It is first displayed through the protagonist, John Harker. It is his innate lack of knowing that puts him in a deadly situation &8220Do you know that to-night, when the quantify strikes midnight, all the evil in the world will have full sway? Do you know where you are going, and what you are doing? (5) This was the protagonist, Jonathan Harker&8217s second take on with strangers, in a strange land, in which he was confronted in this manner. He had three such encounters, all of which he nonchalantly dismissed. During his first encounter, the people entirel y refused to answer any of his questions. In his third encounter, strangers made the sign of a cross and pointed at him. During all of this, Jonathan had no clue why these people were acting in this strange way, nor did he have a notion to question why. Even though he is oblivious to the reasons for their behavior, he blindly continues on the manner the strangers warned him not to go on. Another depiction of this ignorance is sh profess through Dr. Seward and Dr. Van Helsing as they work on a patient, Lucy Westerna. After the doctors diagnosed Lucy as being &8220somewhat bloodless and the pricks on neck were discovered, they immediately dismissed the idea of the pricks being the cause of this loss of blood. &8220It at once occurred to me that this wound, or whatever it was might be the means for this ostensible loss of blood but I abandoned the idea as soon as formed, for such a thing could not be. (131) These doctors had knowledge, but their own ignorance interfered even though all the signs of what was going on were clear.It is when Stoker allows his characters to step to realization that the story heightens. Jonathan is only enlightened to realization after his ignorance has completely trailer him into a life threatening situation &8220I started for it amazed me that I had not seen him, since the reflection of the glass covered the whole of the room behind me.

Dracula :: essays research papers

Dracula, by Bram Stoker, is a classic tale of Gothicism. Traditionally, gothic tales sole(prenominal) carried single theme of horror. Through Dracula, Stoker breaks this single theme barrier. The theme throughout Dracula is clearly displayed through the characters as they step from ignorance to realization in this tale of horror.The theme of ignorance is vital for this romance. It is woven throughout and evident in all the characters. It is first displayed through the protagonist, John Harker. It is his innate lack of knowing that puts him in a deadly situation &8220Do you know that to-night, when the clock strikes midnight, all the evil in the world will have full sway? Do you know where you are going, and what you are doing? (5) This was the protagonist, Jonathan Harker&8217s second encounter with strangers, in a strange land, in which he was confronted in this manner. He had three much(prenominal) encounters, all of which he nonchalantly dismissed. During his first encounter, the people simply refused to answer any of his questions. In his third encounter, strangers made the sign of a cross and pointed at him. During all of this, Jonathan had no clue why these people were acting in this strange way, nor did he have a notion to question why. Even though he is oblivious to the reasons for their behavior, he blindly continues on the path the strangers warned him not to go on. Another depiction of this ignorance is shown through Dr. Seward and Dr. Van Helsing as they work on a patient, Lucy Westerna. After the doctors diagnosed Lucy as being &8220somewhat bloodless and the pricks on neck were discovered, they immediately dismissed the idea of the pricks being the cause of this loss of blood. &8220It at at a time occurred to me that this wound, or whatever it was might be the means for this manifest loss of blood but I abandoned the idea as soon as formed, for such a thing could not be. (131) These doctors had knowledge, but their own ignorance interfered ev en though all the signs of what was going on were clear.It is when Stoker allows his characters to step to realization that the story heightens. Jonathan is only enlightened to realization after his ignorance has completely thrust him into a life threatening situation &8220I started for it amazed me that I had not seen him, since the mirror image of the glass covered the whole of the room behind me.

Effects of Women Incarceration on Young Children Essay

Number of women putting in prison has increased drastically in recent decades. Approximately 600,000 women were incarcerated in 1990. This number has increased to more than one million in 2000. Though women be less seeming to get enslavement, the rate of their imprisonment is rising drastically (Bureau of Justice Statistics, 2001). Majority of women put in prison are niggles. Families of incarcerated women are badly abnormal and face challenges such(prenominal) mental illness, poverty, substance clapperclaw and electric razor abuse. Sometimes, permanent changes in children of incarcerated women take place even when their grow has returned home.Such children lose the hope of having their spawn for the rest of life with them. They intend that their get down go away go to jail sooner or later (Greene & Hurtado 2000). Children of incarcerated start out are subjected to go through troubles in their adolescence. Such children may commit a crime, may involve in substance abus e, mental illness may be profound in them, may leave schools in their early life and may see inappropriate adult care. Criminal behavior of mothers brings damaging effects in children. They are badly affected when they see their mother arrested and put in prison (Young & Carrie 2000).This paper gives information about the effects of women enslavement on young children. Different age groups of children are taken into consideration and the effect of their mothers incarceration on them is discussed in detail. This paper describes how children try to cope up with the incarceration of their mothers. Changes in policies are required and this paper recommends such changes to provide support to such children and to keep them away from the harm. Effect of Women Incarceration on Young Children Majority of the incarcerated women are mothers. The effects of mothers incarceration on young children are not much known.Such children are not considered when their mothers are put in prison. Resear chers, policy makers, communities and service providers do not think about the affected children and thus, nothing is being done for the well-being of those children. Children at different break inment stages are affected to a different extent. Infants and toddlers are affected in a different manner, where as, pre-schoolers, school-aged children and adolescents are affected in entirely different manner to a different extent (McClellan 1994). Impact of Mothers Incarceration on Infants and ToddlersBabies are not able to scan the imprisonment of their mothers but people around them come beneath melody due to the incarceration of the babys mother. Such stressed peoples behavior tells the babies that well-nighthing wrong has happened. The stress period begins when the mother is arrested, put in prison and the stress continues even after the mothers return. Care givers do not take care of the babies the way a mother can do. Such babies do not receive breast feeding that is essential for their growth. Their routines are badly disrupted. Infants and toddlers are more likely to receive neglecting and abusive care.They are most likely to receive very less capacity to regulate them. They bring to face severe stress that is often imposed by their family. They may also have to face poverty. Children of this age group are not able to understand the arrest and imprisonment of their mothers. Some children of this age group forget their mothers and become link up to the caregiver. So, the bond between mother and the child will be broken for ever. When children of this age group are taken to penal settings, they are unable to understand why they cannot touch their moms though their moms are in front of them (Marcus-Mendoza 2001).Impact of Mothers Incarceration on Pre- schooldaysers Pre-schoolers age ranges from three to five years. Children under this age group need the development of skills that are essential for them to get success in their academics and society. Indiv iduality seems to be prominent and such children need to eff independent life. Discipline development is essential at this stage and certain routines need to be set at this age. Children under this age group are also not able to understand much about the incarceration of their mother but they can catch the feelings by the notions of people surrounding them (Greene & Hurtado 2000).Childrens limited understanding power does not let them connect crime with imprisonment and thus they simply tend to focus on the results of the incarceration. For example, they start disliking the legal philosophy just because their mother was taken away. They do not like judges because they are responsible for putting their mothers in jails. Sometimes, such children start disliking their mothers because they think that their mother has done something wrong. They need time to settle their minds again to have the same picture of their mother as they had before the mother who was used to take well(p) care of them.Children under such circumstances usually consider the criminal judge system divergee unjust and they consider them as the victims of the criminal justice system (Hagan 1996). Impact of Mothers Incarceration on School-Aged Children When children come to an age between 6 to 12 years, they become more aware of them and people. Their thought process abilities are enhanced and concepts about rights and wrongs become clearer to them. Such children begin to establish relations with their caregivers and go away from their mothers. In fact, such children should be able to sheer that their mother is a good person.This can be done when the image of their mother is portrayed to them in a positive manner. They tend to justify that the acts of their mother were quite fair and the criminal justice system has been unfair to them or they may even complain of a biased behavior. Such behavioral developments in children of this age group are quite alarming as criminal behavior may also be developed in such children (Fejes & miller 2002). Children of this age group do not share this bitter reality of their life with others. They hide as their weak point.Thus, they are less likely to receive any kind of support from others such as teachers, and care takers. They tend to minimize socialization. Aggressive behavior may also develop in such children and they feel difficulty in putting their efforts in their education resulting in more absences (Feldman et al. 1999). Development of Criminal Behavior in Young Children of Incarcerated Women Children of incarcerated women may develop criminal behavior. Following are some factors that determine the likelihood of criminal behavior. Coping Strategies Children of all ages go through extremely hurtful situations.They begin to impose coping strategies to get out of the awkward situations resulting from their mothers incarceration. They begin to suffer from anxiety, feelings of shame and anger and financial problems. They begin to deny the reality, show strong-growing behavior, blame themselves, get involved in substance and alcohol abuse and find ways to escape from the situation by running away. These strategies may benefit kids on temporary basis but they leave long lasting bad effects. These issues may lead to criminal behavior (Casey-Acevedo 2002). Giving heartfelt ReasonsThis is another(prenominal) strategy that children of incarcerated mothers use to portray their mothers as very good persons. They do so to hide the reality of their mothers. They deny the fact that their mother had committed a crime and that is why she was sent to prison. They justify their mothers position by insisting that people saying bad words about their mother are indeed bad themselves. They even begin to justify the crime committed by their mother. They insist that crime may be permissible in certain circumstances such as they justify that stealing is a right act if done to provide clothing and food for family.They consid er themselves and their mother as a victim of situations such as poverty that had forced their mother to commit a crime. Criminal justice system seems unfair in their eyes. As a result, anti-social behavior begins to develop in such children (Feldman et al. 1999). Poverty Usually incarcerated mother had been the finance provider for children. Incarceration of mother results in overlook of funds. They do not get proper nutrition and basic things that are the rights to get by all children. As children face poverty, they consider stealing as permissible and thus commit crimes to cope with their needs.They want to get the things that children living with their mothers usually get proper nutrition, good clothing, education, healthy environment etc. The absence of such facilities fosters the likelihood to commit a crime (Greene & Hurtado 2000). Absence of Adult Guidance When mother is sent to prison, children do not receive any counsellor and management from an adult any more. Adults know better how to guide young children so that they become a part of a safer environment. The absence of adult supervision make children suffer and struggle in society and school.They stop going to school, face difficulties in their jobs, and get involved in relationships that exploit or abuse them. They may get involved in drug culture and even in the sex trade (Gabel & Shindledecker 1993). Strategies for the Minimization of Harm in that location is a bang-up need to implement strategies that can minimize the harm posed to the children of incarcerated women. Following are some useful strategies to combat this issue Mothers Should Not Be Incarcerated There is a need to keep the whole family together and for this purpose the mothers should not be incarcerated.In case they commit a crime, there should be some alternatives in place of incarceration. Community based interventions should be implemented. The threat of imprisonment will lead towards betterment. Conditional sentencing w ill not require any imprisonment and justice system will accomplish the goals that were expected to be obtained from the incarceration of women. Training should be provided to important professional groups Educators, child protection workers, mental health professionals should be trained in a way to support the children of incarcerated mothers.They should be able to explain the children about the connection of crime to punishment. Children should be taught about rights and wrongs. School attendance should be encouraged. Caregivers should be trained in a way to provide the children of incarcerated mothers the best nurturing environment. The visits of children to their mothers should be supervised and motivated in positive manners. coda Children of incarcerated women are at a greatest risk of being traumatized and get involved in criminal behavior.Their personalities are badly affected due to the absence of their mother in the time of their needs. Caregivers are not providing the req uired care. Criminality of women can be reduced by using effective strategies. Children of incarcerated women should be disposed(p) under the supervision of an adult to help them grow in a safer environment. Strategies to cope up with the bitter reality of their mothers incarceration should be implemented in a positive way. Schools and society should be encouraged to help such children instead of making fun of them or taunting them.Good neighbors can also play good roles. Children should be provided with the basic facilities that are essential for nurturing them. Mothers with offensive background should be provided with the support to get reasonable jobs to fulfill their basic needs. This way the crime rate among women can be minimized. Society should let such women improve their criminal behavior by motivating them to quit their crimes. Such women should be appreciated to do meaningful activities that can help them become mentally healthy. Children should never be taken away from the children due to incarceration.

Gun Control Essay

Guns kill many transparent people every year. Some states require permits for subs and few states do non. in that location ar many constabularys put in to set to control poor boys. The main two honors that will be covered in this essay are just and unjust polices when it comes to ordnance store control. (A just constabulary is a man-made code squares with the moral law.) (An unjust law is that is out of harmony with the moral law) meaning that the unjust law is non a law at all. People have invariably been interested in use weapons for various reasons. The Constitution legally established the right for any law unchanging citizen to keep and bear arms, yet prop peerlessnts of gun control wish to steadily erode this law through regulation and legislation. Some people collect gun as collectors while some use them for protection and others use them for hunting. The term gun control is just that, a steady relentless effort to grab control by chipping away at the edges o f the law until is g cardinal entirely. While some people oppose the idea, others claim that the government should introduce tighter gun controls.The first argument of the opp unmatchablents of strict gun control laws is that most people own guns to protect themselves. They claim that guns are necessary for self-defense because the police are unable to stop violent crime. Opponents further maintain that citizens keep guns to feel golosh and defend themselves and their families whenever the need arises. Therefore, gun control laws disarm only the innocent people who obey the laws. Gun laws can protect people while thesame law can get individual injured, due to self-defense. No law should ever be broken because they are here to protect the people, so they say. If everyone abided by this gun law there will be no one in jail for shooting someone. There has to be something out there to champion everyone understand the significance of the gun law, provided there are always the opposer s that make everything hard to understand. How can someone protect their family if theycannot have guns, but the enemy law breaker will get their hands on one and cause harm to someone or even to their self. By not being able to protect their family makes it hard for someone to abide by these gun control laws. Every man should be able to protect their home with a gun as long the guns is kept in a safe place with child proof hasps on them.Another argument put forward by people who are against gun-control is that many people keep the guns for sportsman and recreation. According to the opponents, these gun-owners are responsible citizens who do not intend to harm anyone. They further say that shooting and hunting are sports which many people enjoy, and gun control take firearms from hobbyist and hunters. Hunters are just trying to provide food for their families as a result of the gun law their family might starve. No one ever think about things like that they only think about how so meone can be injured or killed when it comes to guns. Shooting sports can be relaxing but the gun law makes them stressful. Guns can really be dangerous when it is put in the hand of the premature person in wrong in the wrong mind frame therefor gun laws affect everyone that deals with some sort of guns.most people think that gun control is comical due to the fact that everyone doesnt think the same way. Most sportsmen is against gun control because before the law came about they was able to live free and not worry about the violence these guns was causing. Hunters cant hang their guns in the back window of their pick-up truck no more due to thecontrol laws. There should be a background check foole for everyone before buying a gun so everyone dont have to suffer for someone else mistakes. Some hunters think that gun control laws are too stiff. Guns have been around for a long time and really had no restrictions on them flat hunters and sportsmen have to pay close attention to th ese laws so they wont go to jail. Hunters think the gun law is unjust, while everyone else thinks it is just. (An unjust law is no law at all) makes it hard to distinguish between a just law. Recreational use for gun can be harmful to if someone is using that gun for the first time. Going to the gun range can be a stress reliever for some people and target practice for others. unneeded to say but everyone no matter of age or experience should bed the gun law if they going to be using a gun.Although some people oppose gun control law, others supportthe idea because it may reduce the crime and accidental shootings. The reason of gun control law claims that not owning a gun can shine the homicide that is happing. They assert that most murder victims are killed by firearms. It is also maintained that in robberies and assaults, victims are more possible to die when the criminal is armed with a gun than when he has another weapon. Most rappers rap about cleanup position so if the kid s start listening to this medicament they will start trying to be like the rappers, because young listeners indulge into rap music. A gun can be purchased in my different places and thats how kids end up with them. Another reason why people oppose the gun law is because if everyone was able to carry a gun most of these killing by guns would not be happing. People must protect their self at all time because these gun laws can be for or against anyone.Most homicides with guns convolute lead to people going to jail because they think they are bigger than the law, people must learn that laws are here to protect citizens. Martin Luther pouf Jr was killed by a gun and he was a non-violent person. People should be more like Dr. King and use the (non-violent) approach to solve any problem. An divest person is prone to a homicide due to the fact they cant protect them self against an armed individual with a gun. The gun law should help people instead of hurting them. Many crimes can be s topped if the people stop be selfish. Murders happen every day and everywhere but its up to the people to stop them or at least decrease the rate of them happening. Guns should only be used by the military at war time but not to kill just to scare. Many people know the law some just think that it is put into effect or pertain to the ones that committing these homicides.The effects of gun control also assert the stricter laws can prevent accidental shooting especially among children. Children have a determination to play with their parents gun because they think it is a toy. Parents should always keep their firearms in a safe with a child proof lock in the trigger well of their gun. If all parents that own guns lock the guns up and keep it away from their kids there would be less school shootings. A plug of youngster can be easily influenced by violent video games and TV shows that promote violence, therefore the gun laws should be tighter. Most youths today quite a are out in the streets with thewrong crowd than at home learning how to prevent homicides or accidental death due to gun control. Kids dont know right from wrong unless their parents teach them. A lot of kids lost their lives because the parents didnt know how to secure their guns correctly. The gun law is people should know if they want to own a firearm. In order to reach out and get the attention of the youth there has to be more parents getting involved in their kids lives and teach them about these gun laws if they got gun in their homes.To sum up, the opponents of gun control believe that tighter laws restrict only people who use firearms for self-defense or recreation whereas those who are in favor of gun controlclaim that guns cause more harms than benefits. However, it is obvious that gun ownership is very risky, so it is necessary for the governments to introduce stricter gun laws and educate people about the firearms. With stronger gun control laws, the crime and murder rates will most likely decrease all over the world. Gun dont kill people it the people who is not gun law educated that kills people. The gun control law was put into effect to help the citizens not to kill off the population, but many people is still getting hurt or kill by someone pulling the trigger on a gun.Works CitedCohen, Samuel, Letter from Birmingham Jail 50 Essays A Portable Anthology. 3rd Edition Blackmore, Howard L. Guns and Rifles of the World part Pictorial Works 1965 Marsh, Pamela C. Madison Firearm Dealer Sentenced Tallahassee, Florida 30 April 2014. (newspaper) Guns Guns April 2013. (magazine)

Shoe market

The up market for shoe industry refers to that segment of the market that prefers to buy expensive sumptuous goods because they believe that they deserve quality and experience goods. This market is characterised by the need to buy quality products, the consumers in this up market believe that the elevated expense of a brand of shoe is a sign of quality and therefrom they will buy expensive goods.The costs in this kind of market is not indomitable by the cost of production but by the firm producing the market, the prices are higher than in the other shoe market and therefore consumers spend to a greater extent on one pair of shoes and therefore the firms in this market will gain more from the consumer surplus they tap.In this market there are a variety of brands and consumers can choose their required product, these shoes are also stylish product in that they are made for consumers who are high income earners and therefore a firm in the industry will just now need to market it s brand and gain consumers attention.This is a competitive market because of the human race of 15 markets in the industry however ony a few firms have introduced branding and pricing strategy aimed at those high income earners and therefore competition is high in the shoe industry, there is however free entry and exit by firms into the industry.Monopolistic competitionIn a monopoly type of market there is only one firm in an industry and there exist barriers to entry and exit into the industry, the firm is also a price maker and not a price taker. In monopoly competition there exist several firms but the firms have little control over prices, there exist many firms in this type of market and each firm commands a small share of the market and therefore the prices are still determined not by bespeak and supply but by the firm.In the short run in the Greson case the firm will make abnormal profits but in the ample run equilibrium this will not be possible as shown by the monopoly co mpetition long run and short run equilibriumThe draw below shows a monopoly competitive firm in the short runIn the short run the firm price is far beyond the comely cost and for this reason the firm makes abnormal profits.In the long run in a monopoly competition the equilibrium is as followsIn the long run the price is equal to the average cost and therefore the firm does not make any abnormal profits, however the assumption underlying this diagram is that the industry has no barriers to entry.Similar essay Homemade Shoe Polish From CharcoalReferencesPhilip Hardwick (2004) Introduction to Modern Economics, Pearson Publishers, New YorkStratton (1999) Economics A New Introduction, McGraw Hill Publishers, New York

Mattel Case Study

Recently Mattel faced challenges regarding their toys manufactured in China. They open up out that these toys do in China have high lead content that can poison children. Mattel immediately recalled these toys, specifically 253,000 Sarge Cars, 345,000 batman, 683,000 Barbie and Tanner sets and 1 gazillion Doggie mean solar day C argon Sets (iVillage, 2007). Mattel immediately asked their retailers to recall these toys. How did the management of Mattel arrive to this kind of finis in order to solve this problem? This study leave alone examine the decision process.Mattel believes in proper management is important to ensure the success of the company. And to be able to execute it, a good manager is needed. Managers atomic number 18 vital share of a companys success because they are the ones answerable i company (Long, 1998). Ethics is also vital in an organization. several(prenominal) times we project about organizations organism hit by scandal dealing with issues of morals, integrity and trusty.In reality, several organizations are ethical and are non beset with scandal, lawsuits and investigations. The land most organizations considered ethical are not dealing with this negative press is because many have instilled a culture of ethics and integrity.Since Mattel believes that ethics will be helpful to their productivity and survival, as contrast to what is perceived on television, for example, where people at all means do whatever they could to achieve something, even if it meant being dishonest. (p. 208) Mary Guy (1990) wrote that individuals who are considerate with regards to making ethical decisions twist the new comers of the organization, and will later on develop their take sensitivity on ethics. (p. 161)Ethics requires the decision maker to consider things based on important values. (p. 5). According to Jacobs and Jaques (1987), the skill requirement at the organizational take aim requires ethics because it is responsible for the organiza tions reputation of their products and services. The company should respond to the social and community needs and it should also be concerned with public relations. (p. 31)The influence of ethics in decision making is crucial because the company or organization judges a situation based on what is morally rightfulness and fair for their clients or consumers. Not only will they lose their regulars if they fail, but they will also lose potential patrons (McGregor, 2004). They also base their decisions on how voguish it should be. Seldom are there companies who are gearing towards unethical decisions just for the sole reason of achieving a goal (Minor, 2002). Usually, success comes with the right, ethical, decisions and it has been proven for many historic period that is why organizations are required to make these sound judgments.ReferencesGuy, M.E. (1990). Ethical Decision Making in Everyday Work Situations. Westport, CT Quorum BooksJacobs, T.O., & Jaques, E. (1987). LEADERSHIP IN conglomerate SYSTEMS. In J. Zeidner (Ed.). valet Productivity Enhancement Organizations, Personnel, and Decision Making Vol. 2. Volume 2, (pp. 7-31). New York Praeger PublishersLong, B.C. (1998) Coping with Workplace Stress A Multiple-Group Comparison of Female Managers and clerical Workers. Journal of hash out Psychology. 45(1) 65McGregor, G. (2004, October 8). Service Network. Journal of Counseling Psychology. 45(1) 65Miner, J.B. (2002) Organizational Behavior Foundations, Theories, and Analyses. Oxford University Press. New York Oxford University Press.iVillage.com (2007) Mattel Toys Recalled from China. www.iVillage.comMattel Case StudyRecently Mattel faced challenges regarding their toys manufactured in China. They found out that these toys made in China have high lead content that can poison children. Mattel immediately recalled these toys, specifically 253,000 Sarge Cars, 345,000 batman, 683,000 Barbie and Tanner sets and 1 million Doggie Day Care Sets (iVillage, 2007). Ma ttel immediately asked their retailers to recall these toys. How did the management of Mattel arrive to this kind of decision in order to solve this problem? This study will examine the decision process.Mattel believes in proper management is important to ensure the success of the company. And to be able to achieve it, a good manager is needed. Managers are vital ingredient of a companys success because they are the ones responsible i company (Long, 1998). Ethics is also vital in an organization. Several times we hear about organizations being hit by scandal dealing with issues of ethics, integrity and trusty.In reality, several organizations are ethical and are not beset with scandal, lawsuits and investigations. The reason most organizations considered ethical are not dealing with this negative press is because many have instilled a culture of ethics and integrity.Since Mattel believes that ethics will be helpful to their productivity and survival, as contrast to what is perceived on television, for example, where people at all means do whatever they could to achieve something, even if it meant being dishonest. (p. 208) Mary Guy (1990) wrote that individuals who are considerate with regards to making ethical decisions influence the new comers of the organization, and will later on develop their own sensitivity on ethics. (p. 161)Ethics requires the decision maker to consider things based on important values. (p. 5). According to Jacobs and Jaques (1987), the skill requirement at the organizational level requires ethics because it is responsible for the organizations reputation of their products and services. The company should respond to the social and community needs and it should also be concerned with public relations. (p. 31)The influence of ethics in decision making is crucial because the company or organization judges a situation based on what is morally right and fair for their clients or consumers. Not only will they lose their regulars if they fail, but they will also lose potential patrons (McGregor, 2004). They also base their decisions on how wise it should be. Seldom are there companies who are gearing towards unethical decisions just for the sole reason of achieving a goal (Minor, 2002). Usually, success comes with the right, ethical, decisions and it has been proven for many years that is why organizations are required to make these sound judgments.ReferencesGuy, M.E. (1990). Ethical Decision Making in Everyday Work Situations. Westport, CT Quorum BooksJacobs, T.O., & Jaques, E. (1987). LEADERSHIP IN COMPLEX SYSTEMS. In J. Zeidner (Ed.). Human Productivity Enhancement Organizations, Personnel, and Decision Making Vol. 2. Volume 2, (pp. 7-31). New York Praeger PublishersLong, B.C. (1998) Coping with Workplace Stress A Multiple-Group Comparison of Female Managers and Clerical Workers. Journal of Counseling Psychology. 45(1) 65McGregor, G. (2004, October 8). Service Network. Journal of Counseling Psychology. 45(1) 65Miner, J.B. (2002) Organizational Behavior Foundations, Theories, and Analyses. Oxford University Press. New York Oxford University Press.iVillage.com (2007) Mattel Toys Recalled from China. www.iVillage.com

First Amendment

The initiatory Amendment is part of the Bill of Rights. The Bill of Rights is our repairs as citizens living in the United States of the States. In this paper I will look at three provisions to the First Amendment, highlighting one subject for each provision. Included are one trip to discuss immunity of speech, one chemise to discuss separation of church building and state and one case to discuss freedom of association.1.)Discuss at least one unconditional coquette case of signifi apprizece think to three of the provisions of the First Amendment. Case number 1 Cohen v. California, 403 U.S. 15 (1971), this was a United States Supreme court of law case dealing with freedom of speech. The United States Supreme hail overturned a disturbing the peace conviction by a man who exited a courthouse wearing a jacket crown decorated with profanity. On April 26, 1968, Paul Robert Cohen was 19 at the time of his arrest outside a Los Angeles courthouse wearing a jacket decorated with profanity. His jacket had the wrangle emailprotected%k the Draft. Cohen was arrested for maliciously and willfully disturbing the peace or quiet by any person or a neighborhood.a.)Why did this case have to be heard and interpreted by the Supreme Court? Paul Robert Cohen was found guilty of disturbing the peace at a Los Angeles Courthouse. Cohens lawyers appealed and the conviction stood its domain in the California Court of Appeal. The California Supreme Court denied review, the United States Supreme Court granted to review and argue the case. The Courts determination was in favor of Paul Robert Cohen by a vote of 5-4 and overturned the appellate courts ruling. According to Justice John Marshall Harlan II the state may not, consistently with the First and Fourteenth Amendments, make the simple public of this single four-letter expletive a criminal offense. (Cohen v. California, docket 299, 1971).b.)How do the Supreme Court finishs in each case continue to affect the rights of A merican Citizens today? Cohen v. California is a landmark case because this case removes from our giving medication the right to censor speech and determine what actions of speech are appropriate for a civil society (Balter-Reitz, 2003). This case affects all of us today because it prevents local and federal government determine what is appropriate or over the line when we are expressing ourselves.2.)Discuss at least one Supreme Court case of significance related to three of the provisions of the First Amendment. Case number 2 McCollum v. Board of Education, 333 U.S. 203 (1948), this was a United States Supreme Court case dealing with separation of church and state. This case was argued at the United States Supreme Court to the power of a state to use tax money to support public schools to provide phantasmal instruction. Vashti McCollum an atheist objected to the religious classes being provided by the Champaign public school district. McCollum argued that the school district pro faned the First Amendment, the principle of separation of church and state.a.)Why did this case have to be heard and interpreted by the Supreme Court? McCollum v. Board of Education, 333 U.S. 203 (1948) was first indomitable in the circuit court of Champaign County in favor of the school district. McCollum then appealed to the Illinois Supreme Court that held the lower courts ruling. McCollum finally appealed to the United States Supreme Court that agreed to hear her case. The Courts decision was in favor or Vashti McCollum by a vote of 8-1ruling that the religious classes was unestablishmental. Justice Hugo Black stated that To hold that a state cannot consistently with the First and Fourteenth Amendments utilize its public school system to aid any or all religious faiths or sects in the dissemination of their doctrines (McCollum v. Board of Education, 333 U.S. 203, 1948).b.)How do the Supreme Court decisions in each case continue to affect the rights of American Citizens today? T his was a landmark case because it separated church from state. This case also provided a level platform for those who are attending a public school. In the McCollum case her son was being singled and made fun of by other students because he did not attend the religious classes. This case was beneficial for all of us today to attend a public school government funded and not have to attend religious classes against our will. As a result of this case school officials in Champaign Ill, decided to release the students one mo earlier known as release time to attend religious classes without supervision from teachers or school officials (Time Magazine, 1948)3.)Discuss at least one Supreme Court case of significance related to three of the provisions of the First Amendment. Case number 3 Boy Scouts of America et al. v. Dale, 530 U.S. 640 (2000), this was a United States Supreme Court case dealing with freedom of association. James Dale an assistant scoutmaster for the Boy Scouts of Americ a was expelled from scouting after the Boy Scouts of America read an article at a local newspaper that Dale indicated and quoted that he was gay.a.)Why did this case have to be heard and interpreted by the Supreme Court? Boy Scouts of America et al. v. Dale, 530 U.S. 640 (2000), was first decided at a New Jersey Supreme Court which forced the Boy Scouts of America to readmit assistant Scoutmaster James Dale after learning that he is gay. The United States Supreme Court overturned the New Jersey Supreme Court decision and decided that forcing the Boy Scouts of America to readmit James Dale violated the rights of the Boy Scouts of America, specifically the freedom of association. The Freedom of Association allows a private organization to determine which person can be included into the organization (Boy Scouts of America et al. v. Dale, 530 U.S. 640, 2000.)b.)How do the Supreme Court decisions in each case continue to affect the rights of American Citizens today? Affects of the U.S. S upreme Courts decision on the case of Boy Scouts of America et al. v. Dale, 530 U.S. 640, (2000) is difficult to measure. It only has been 10 years since the decision but today we are experiencing other cases similar to one above. Cases of the legionss dont ask dont tell policy has recently been on the news as well states allowing or opposing gay marriages. I predict that the above case will be serving as a foundation for future decisions regarding Americans rights to freedom of association in particular if they are gay.4.)Evaluate the rights and responsibilities that the constitution provides you as an American Citizen. In the examination of the cases above, the Constitution provides me an American Citizen a safety net to argue situations when I felt that my constitution is being violated. I can believe that I can appeal to a higher court and all the way to the United States Supreme Court to make a final decision. In conclusion, this was a great paper to write because as an Amer ican Citizen I have neglected to fully realize the right given to me as a citizen. This paper made me realize how much protection I have as a citizen. After examining the three United States Supreme Court cases I am glad that there is a higher court and whether the decision is pro or con, I can rest assure that a fair and just decision will be made.Referenceshttp//www.firstamendmentcenter.org/faclibrary/case.aspx?case=Cohen_v_CAhttp//www.time.com/time/magazine/article/0,9171,804516,00.htmlcaselaw.lp.findlaw.com/scripts/getcase.pl?court=US&vol=000&invol=99-699caselaw.lp.findlaw.com/cgi-bin/getcase.pl?court=US&vol=333&invol=203

Gay Marriage Rights

After the legalizations in Massachusetts and, most recently, California, airy wedding party has been a enhanceing trend in the United States. In the 8 months since the legalization, to a greater extent and more comic couples have been rushing to California to tie the k non. However, California and Massachusetts are not the first to dispatch an effort to strengthen the bonds of sapphic couples some European countries including Denmark, Holland, some Scandinavian countries, and others have legalized same-sex marriage and have found the results positive. Gay marriage has been a contradictory issue since gay custody and women began requesting marriage licenses.However, gays are denied their rights to marriage licenses, which is denying then their rights as American citizens. Gays should be treated equally to heterosexuals and granted their rights to marry the person they love, whether they are the same or opposite gender. Although the idea of a same-sex wedding hasnt been legal lo ng enough for statistics to be developed on children of same-sex marriages developmental upbringing, or that they are harmed by their environment, many people seem to think that they will be less healthy or normal if the couple that raises them are homosexual.People believe that the children will grow up to be gay, or different from any normally raised child, if they dont grow up in a normal family. The results of studies scrutiny these ideas are quite contrary to the popular belief of heterosexual couples. In fact, the studies show that children raised by gay couples seem to be more correct than the normally raised ones. The argument that children raised in homosexual households will grow up to be gay is completely illegitimate.In a study of oer 300 children of homosexual parents, there have been no indications that there are any distur dislodgeces in the development of the childs sexual identity, or the life-style that the child will live later in life. In reality, most childre n raised by heterosexuals are not raised in normal households. With divide also becoming popular we have families with three kids and only one parent. There is no doubt that homosexuals want to have children, and not only is the ban of gay marriage denying their rights to be married, exactly also denying them their rights to have a two-parent family with children.Some also say that marriage is between a man and a woman for procreation purposes, and that gays cannot naturally produce children. If this were the case then wouldnt the state prohibit marriage between heterosexuals when one, or both, are sterile? If the purpose of marriage is, in fact, for procreation then whos to say that post-menopausal women should have the right to marry? Children in foster care and orphanages are also a problem, so why not kill two birds with one stone and give gays their rights and orphans or unwanted children a home and a family that loves them?Another argument against gay marriage is that it is against religion. Whose religion? Some religions, such as Buddhism, actually celebrate gay marriage. The fact that gay marriages are illegal goes against not only the gays rights, but their rights also. And the fact that people are bringing the bible into their arguments also means that other religions religious rights are being infringed. The bible has no standing in American law, this was made clear by the first amendment of the United States constitution, and no one has any right or authority to set rules based on something they take as a moral injunction stated by the bible.The Christian and catholic religions cannot speak for all religions, and the United Stated government is allowing them to do further that. The main purpose of our government is to preserve the rights of the citizens, and at this, our government has failed. Homosexuals are not the only people being denied their rights, but also the members of veritable religions that support same-sex marriages. Along with t his, people also say that gay marriage would force churches that have an objection to perform gay marriage to perform same-sex weddings.There is no law stating that any church would be required to marry any couple, heterosexual or otherwise, that they do not wish to. Gay marriage would not change the churches right to refuse to sanctify any marriage that they do not wish to. It would only give churches the opportunity to legally wed gay couples if they would like to. None of the arguments above are valid. So now, let us examine the true reasons that people belie the marriage of homosexual couples.Most people just are not comfortable with the idea. For years now, society has promoted the idea that two men or two women being married is wrong. This is mostly because of the arguments mentioned previously. However, none of those objections make sense So neither does the idea that gay marriage is wrong. Being uncomfortable with a proposal is not a valid reason to oppose it. It is selfish to infringe other human beings rights for your

Differentiated Teaching

Educators have al ways had a role of finding ways to improve their great power to provide education and learning among students. With the increasing challenges and hurdles in todays 21st century education, teachers must remain spirited in looking for alternatives and methods that will shape and nurture students dexterity to decipher information, acquire new skills and develop holistically within the classroom. As I was adapted to watch over the movie, I learned many important insights and values towards teaching.In here, the film captured the essence of differential learning as I came across various principles that helped me gain desires skirt its purpose and relevance within the classroom setup. It helped me develop awareness of different methods and strategies that may be deemed applicable towards my case and other educators as well. It is by comprehending these facets that single is able to maximize the capabilities of each process and sustain the level of commitment on bo th parties.Reacting from this, I feel that to be able to raise these standards of function and responsibility among educators, there needs to be a collaborative effort among each other. This means that cooperation and information sharing is a vital component as it outlines both the positive impact and implications for pursuing a relative scheme or goal. Likewise, much(prenominal) understanding enables the formation of parameters for strength and skills building that are required to be competent in a particular area or subject.The next part involves active planning for screening students according to their preferences and strengths. Under this process, educators mull their own rubrics and goals that actively align with both their goals and sustain the parameters of facilitating outcomes that is rooted on performance and ability of each student to harness and decipher information. In the end, such process enables active involvement on the part of student and increases their capabi lity to become proficient in the particular class.Associated with this initiative revolves around the concept of comprehending the idea of a childs multiple intelligence capabilities. As the film presented the view of Howard Gardener, it gave us the impression of foc victimisation on strengths and justifying areas wherein we can develop our weaknesses in both planning and facilitation of teaching objectives. Using various variables to denote such competencies, it can help intensify avenues towards flexibility and allows them to facilitate such objective using group dynamics and interplay.To signify the strength of this example, the movie showed dividing the group into several(prenominal) sections to intensify the approach of gaining confidence in their areas of expertise. Allowing this area to be considered, the educator was able to diversify the needs of students and actively address their own level of learning. This idea together with some supplementary materials, it can help adeq uately facilitate the ability of teachers to transcend over student needs using several methods and approaches. Such facet has been the primary aim of differential learning and has harnessed my ability as an educator to gain new skills in the process.To conclude, the film was essential in opening up awareness on my part as a teacher. It introduced me to several strategies and methods that can enhance the ability to reach out and gain competence in fostering compliance and cooperation among students. By focusing on the main tenets and facets of this theory, I as an educator can manage new ideas and use the necessary tools to develop new ways of improving classroom teaching. Such process gives me the ability to address the increasing needs of students especially in todays 21st century education.

Queen Mary’s Restoration of Catholicism- a Failure

England.. as were to be seen in the influence of this queen mole rat bloody shame, whether we behold the shortness of her magazine or the unfortunate event of all her purposes. The unforgettable regnant tycoon bloody shame of England and Ireland did attempt to gear up the Catholic faith during her short reign of July sixth 1553 to 17th November 1558, albeit failed at this mission. She is non remembered for her colourful reign with cacophony sounding triumphs nor peaceful approaches to English society.In fact she is established in muniment as flaming(a) bloody shame, a callous character, who viciously ruin Protestants their flesh scents pouring into the streets of England and lucent cries hauntingly echoing. Her legacy is remembered by many as a failure to restore universality during her reign. Her failed attempt of restoring the Catholic faith erect be highlighted in seven main groundss which will be accounted for in detail. Indeed, Queen bloody shames attempted indemnity o f Catholicism did get up to be a failure for many reasons.Firstly, she had get aheaded her half-brother Edward VI, who governed England on a lower floor a Protestant regime. Edward had introduced extreme changes to the Church that dramatically modify the religion to a purely Protestantism doctrine. This was to prove troublesome to reverse to a Catholic country. Secondly, bloody shame as first Queen of England and Ireland (debated whether lady Jane greyness was) had to make a powerful approach to the throne. She was burdened with the property of organism the illegitimate daughter of henry VIIIs.The fear of being ridiculed by the public stood tall and Protestants infiltrated into England from Edwards contradicting reign. Thirdly, bloody shame during her reign of course re-introduced England chthonic(a) Catholicism that, in doing so England had much more consequences at hand. These consequences major(ip)ly filled the position of radical movements much(prenominal)(prenomina l) as the traumatic Marian Persecutions which profoundly scared the Protestant followers and climaxed opposition towards her. Fourthly, Queen bloody shame married Prince Philip II of Spain and Portugal which was widely criticised and publically denounced.This accompanyingly led to the fifth reason which proved Queen bloody shames attempted payoff of Catholicism to be a failure. In war, allied with Spain, England lost Calais (in France). A one-sixth reason of failure emerges out-of-pocket to the fact that Queen bloody shame was unable to produce an heir to take out over her cognomen. Lastly, her short lived reign was abruptly caused by her untimely death in November 1558. These points will be explored more specifically. To expand the first point much is to be added.After Mary Tudor was born to heat content VIII and Catherine of Aragon into a roman print Catholic religion in 1516, henry had their wedding annulled by doubting Thomas Cranmer just over a decade of Marys birth. Thus, this left Mary with the handicap of being an illegitimate daughter. It was after Henrys third wife Jane Seymour (the plump for being Anne Boleyn) a son, Edward VI was born in 1537. This birth of a male heir dramatically and immediately impacted Marys entire life. Edward was to have a major effect on Mary position as he dominated the throne from birth. After Henrys death in 1547 Edward fulfilled this position at the young of age of nine.As Edward had been educated by Protestant tutors due to his father break with the Roman Catholic Church with his subsequent title Supreme Head of the Church of England and Ireland it meant that he was an actively practising Protestant and his uncle Edward Seymour strongly advance reform in the Church. The first attack was that of the dissolution of the Chantries, this omitted the belief of purgatory. In 1549 he announced that priests could marry. By 1552 Edward had do a series of dramatic changes that were quickly crumbling Marys beliefs.Edwa rd had introduced the concord of greens Prayer that included the abolition of stone altars with simple wooden tables and the Mass was replaced with the consubstantiation Holy Communion. However, predetermination was accepted by Edward. A position in heaven could not be bought. Protestants abroad began to migrate to England where they could freely and comfortably practise their religion without fear of being dictated as heretics. These changes completely transformed the Church of England during Henry VIII reign and more importantly were to prove more difficult for Mary to deal with during her reign.King Edward VI had died very unexpectedly from a cough that deteriorated and developed into a fever and the subsequent . difficulty in drawing his breath, and later . . compression of the organs on the right side. It was proposed he had a tumour of some sort yet he was beyond recover. He died on the 6th July 1553. Ironically, Mary Tudor became queen at the age of fifteen. Yet, England s religion now was completely antonym to that of Marys belief due to Edward, this truly contri plainlyed to her restoration of Catholicism being that of a failure.Thus, the second point emerges. As Edward was slowly passing he conducted a Devise for Succession. He denounced that his half-sister Mary should take to the throne. Not only were they simultaneously contradicting on religious terms but too, Edward was unwilling to get a telegraph line an illegitimate Queen take to the throne. This also applied to Anne Boleyns daughter Elizabeth, who was also declared a bastard. Mary was furious that Edward had declared that his cousin (once removed) Lady Jane Grey was to espouse him.However, Lady Jane Greys reign was quite ironic in the fact that she succeeded for only nine days beginning from the tenth July 1553. A proposal was announced in which barring Mary from the succession was a cause in which the young King believed. Marry stood firmly on her ground and publically announced t hat she should be made queen. By the 19th July Mary had a brewing and overwhelming add up of supporters. In Suffolk she rounded up an army of nearly twenty thousand. Soon Lady Jane Grey was accused of high treason and jailed in Towers Gentleman Gaolers apartments by Mary. She was beheaded in private.Yes, at that place was quite a rejoicing orientation with Marys now fundamental establishment as queen however, she was doomed in many respects from the beginning due to Edwardss success. The Book of Common Prayer at this stage was in full use and it hugely denounced and contrasted with her Catholic faith. Cranmers forty Two Articles proved very fortunate in the Protestant religion and were entirely difficult for Mary to dissolve due to the vast support. Another huge obstacle stood in Marys path and indeed weakened her position. This damaging figuring was the Dissolution/Suppression of the Monasteries during Henry VIIIs Anglican reign.With the Acts of Supremacy in place from 1534, He nry VIII took over Church lands. Therefore, she found it completely difficult to restore Church lands due to their ownership now in the hands of private landowners. This was a major problem that resulted in her failed attempt of Catholic restoration. A third reason exists that caused Marys failure. The Council of Trent encouraged by pontiff capital of Minnesota III lasted from 1543-1565 a revival of the Catholic faith was debated and in frightening need of restoration which was the era of the Counter-Reformation. Therefore, as the revival took place during Marys reign a lot of restoration was needed.Sadly, Mary proved ineffective here. Prior to her reign Edward had successfully dismantled Englands hundred year reign of Catholicism inside a period of six years on a lower floor Protestantism. Indeed, she immediately proved unpopular with the Protestants due to her proclamation that she was to lead England under Catholic rule. She firstly lag the Protestant leaders which were parti cipating in the Church during Edward VIs reign these included such reformers as John Roger, Hugh Latimer, John Hooper, John Bradford and Thomas Cranmer by the end of September of 1553.Mary abolished Edwards successful religious laws and restored the 1539 Six Articles which was that of the Catholic doctrine that set out once again confirming that priests could not marry. A huge contribution to Marys failure was the brutal Marian Persecutions. By 1554 Pope Julius III had reviewed and approved of the Heresy Acts. Mary I greatly abused this authority which granted her the forceful title of damn Mary. Many desired to flee the continent rather than be burned for heresy. In fact over eight hundred Protestant reformers (many of whom landed in England during Edwards reign) retire to Western Europe.By February 1555 Mary had already began her heretical burnings that were to be made her trademark. Also, by the ninth of February Mary Tudor already had four Protestants burned including that of J. Hooper and J. Roger. Thomas Cranmer too was burned as a heretic. His position was short succeeded by Marys executive governess Margaret Poles, (the 8th Countess of Salisbury) son, Reginald Pole in March 1556. Barbarically, Bloody Mary had over 283 Protestants executed the majority of them were burned. The Athenaeum or, spirit of the English Magazines statistically conveys the significant number of these innocent civilians.It states that on that point were twenty widowers, twenty-six wives, and even two infants were also involved in the executions (those mentioned were burnt). It was not surprising that a large opposition towards Catholicism emerged after the huge number of heretics were burned. Marys support became unpopular in England due to the burnings. These victims of who were burned at the stake soon were regarded as martyrs. This form of punishment was so intense that even the jurist and Franciscan theologian, Alfonso de Castro utterly denounced it.This widespread outra ge and opposition seriously change Marys reputation and moreover failed the restoration of Catholicism. It was not peaceful and definitely not popular. Fourthly, Marys failed attempt to restore Catholicism can also be based on her trades union. From a very young age plans for a suitable husband were continuously being negotiated by Henry VIII. It is quite interesting in the fact that even when she was at the age of two Henry suggested that Mary in time should marry the Dauphin, the infant son of the King Francis I of France. However, this politically changed due to a contract.Then in 1522 it was suggested that Mary should wed the twenty two year old Holy Roman Emperor, Charles V, who was also her cousin. From chopping and changing of wedding plans Thomas Wolsey then proposed that an English alliance with France was secured, thus a french marriage did not have to commence. When Mary was in her late thirties it began to dawn on her that she should find a husband in hope to produce an heir. Mary was relentlessly eager not to have Elizabeth, her half-sister, forsake the throne. Charles V suggested that Mary marry his son Prince Philip II of Spain.However, in sharp contrast in England both(prenominal)(prenominal) the House of Commons and Lord Chancellor Gardiner encouraged her to marry an Englishman as they were terrified of foreign intimacy clashes with the Habsburgs. In Kent a rebellion broke out under Thomas Wyatt, the younger, which also involved the Duke of Suffolk, who was Lady Jane Greys father. They wished to cease the marriage between Mary and Philip which was about to commence. They were in favour of Elizabeth. However, they were captured and imprisoned. Nevertheless, the French style wedding proceeded on 25th July 1554 in Winchester Cathedral.Gardiner, even though in opposition with the marriage performed the ceremony which was spoke in a range of language Spanish, French and Latin as Philip could not speak English. Both in England and Spain the w edding was denounced. For Mary this immediately withdrew huge support and weakened her restoration of Catholicism. As mentioned, the wedding was nationally opposed due to contradicting countries with different affairs and policies. When Philip married Mary it meant that he was given the title King of England and a monarch like Mary, of Ireland. Also, coinage then bore both Marys and Philips head that was engraved on them.Philip had married Mary for political reason only and in fact wrote to Brussels correspondent stating that, the marriage was concluded for no fleshly consideration, but in order to remedy the disorders of this kingdom and to preserve the Low Countries. This then leads the question to a fifth reason. In July 1557 Philip, confident with more power was eager to renew a war with France he urged for Mary to support, which she did with little hesitation nor reluctance. Advisers begged Mary that England was in an unstable state to wedge a war due to continuous bad harvest s meant that they lacked both food and finance.To make matters even worse was the fact that Pope Paul IV was allied with the French force under Henry II. This aided in Marys failure to restore Catholicism. Disaster occurred again at a huge defeat in January 1558 when the French forces took Englands only colony on the European mainland, Calais. This defeat really was not needed. It positioned England in a very problematic state with attacks (which were more minor to the Battle with France) in the Pale area in Dublin, Ireland due to the Plantations that were in progress during the Tudor Dynasty.Marys reign was becoming completely tattered at this point to the extent of several and continuous faults. They all surrounded the failure of her attempt to restore Catholicism which was her main aim. As Philips marriage to Mary was solely based on political aspects Mary plans were different. Mary Tudors initial plan for marriage was in hopes to produce an heir to abdicate the throne. Elizabeth was Protestant and Mary did not intend to witness her enforcement of Catholicism (even though a failure) be diminished. Thus, this springs a sixth reason as to why Marys Catholic restoration was a failure.In short, she could not produce a child due to medical reasons later devised, yet to elaborate there is more to the story. It was in September 1554 Mary began to show signs and symptoms of a pregnant woman. Of course, she stopped menstruating, her weight change magnitude and she suffered from nausea in mornings and evenings. By April 1555, her child was expected and even Elizabeth, who had been arrested since the Wyatt Rebellion, made an appearance at the wait event. However, even Philip was unsure of the pregnancy. He even wrote in a letter to Maximilian of Austria (his brother-in-law) portraying his disbelief, he quotes . . the queens pregnancy turn out not to have been as certain as we vista. Even Susan Clarencieux (a lady in waiting), who was a friend of Mary Is, did begin to doubt that a child was present in her whom. Even by July Mary still showed signs of being pregnant yet no child emerged and it was believed that she suffered from a phantom pregnancy. perchance, she desired to have a child to succeed her that she was willing to create a tale. Her inability to produce an heir automatically meant that Elizabeth was next in line to the throne.This condition which Mary possessed meant that an heir under her faith would not be able to succeed the thrown. This was a huge catalyst that failed her attempted restoration of Catholicism. Lastly, the ultimate cause of Marys failed restoration of Catholicism was due to the fact that her reign from 19th July 1553 was disturbed by her untimely death on 17th November 1558. It was proposed that she had died of an ovarian cyst or even a tumour which had caused her to believe (prior to her death) that she was pregnant. Philip was not in England at the time but in Brussels.He as he states, he felt a bonnie regret for her death. To conclude, there were seven main reasons for Marys failed attempt to restore Catholicism. Possibly if she had lived longer she could have improved her position of the throne most importantly the restoration of Catholicism. However, there were so many reasons for this failure it is doubtful it could have been improved. Indeed, she left an impact, yet it is majorly fixed on her negative title as Bloody Mary and most certainly not on her restoration of Catholicism which was, sadly, a failure. BibliographyPrimary Sources Spirit of the English magazine. The Athenaeum or, spirit of the English Magazines. Volume 3-April-October, 1818. Boston Munroe and Francis, 1818. Secondary Sources Cobbett, William. A history of Protestant reformation, in England and Ireland. Harvard Willaim Clement Publishers, 1824. De Groot, Wim. The Seventh window The Kings window donated by Philip II and Mary Tudor to Sint Janskerk in Gouda (1557). Amsterdam Uitgeverij Verloren, 2005. Duffy, Eamon. Fires of Faith Catholic England under Mary Tudor. Yale Yale University Press, 2009. Elton, G.R. England under the Tudors. London Methuen, 1962. Fardell, Lane. The Royal Doctors, 1485-1714 medical personnel at the Tudor and Stuart Courts. Kent University Rocheter Press, 2001. Fletcher, Anthony and MacCulloch, Diarmaid. Tudor Rebellion. England Pearon Education, 2011. Foister, Susan. Holbein in England. London Tate Publishing. Foxe, J. The Actes and Monuments of these latter(prenominal) and perilous days touching matter of the Church, ed. S. R. Frederic Madden, Privy purse expenses of the Princess Mary, daughter of the King Henry the Eighth, afterwards Queen Mary.London W. Pickering, 1831. Haigh, Christopher. The English Reformation revised. Cambridge Cambridge University Press, 1987. Skidmore, Chris. Edward VI The Lost King of England. London Weidenfeld and Nicolson, 2007. Ivers, Eric. Lady Jane Grey A Tudor Mystery. Chicester Wiley-Blackwell Publications, 2009. Loach, Jennifer. Edw ard VI, eds. George Bernard and Penry Willaims. New Haven Yale University, 1999. Loades, David. The Reign of Mary Tudor. London Longman Publications, 1991. McNeese, Tim. History of Civilization- The Reformation.Dayton Lorenz Educational Pres, 2001. Porter, Linda. Mary Tudor The First Queen. London Little Brown, 2007. Redworth, Glyn. Philip (1527-1598), Oxford Dictionary of National Biography, May 2011 edition. Rudolph Elton, Geoffrey. England under the Tudors. Britain Routledge Publications, 1991. Waller, Maureen. Sovereign Ladies The six regnant Queens of England. New York St. Martins Press, 2006. Whitelock, Anna. Mary Tudor Englands First Queen. London Bloomsbury, 2009. Williams, Neville and Fraser, Antonia. The Tudors. California University of California, 2006.

1831, by Louis P. Masur Essay

This book was written by Masur Louis P. who described 1831 as the year of the eclipse that had so more omens that stated that the American society was completely changed. E rattling aspect of life including the political, social, economic and cultural all underwent a metamorphosis that brought about change. In that year, foreigners visited America and they described it as a year where in that respect was a possibility of a civil war occurring in America due to the more blackball things that were happening then.An English visitor Frances Trollope felt very disappointed with how America had g angiotensin converting enzyme about to circle with slavery and he even criticized the vehement expressions of insane and hypocritical zeal as it was preached by the preachers. The author states that most of the visitors had no intentions of talking about the institution of slavery, but they could not turn a art eye to it and their writings helped to create controversy on slavery in Americ a and therefore place pressure to allow the issue to be addressed (Louis 2008).Some of the visitors who helped to shape the institution of slavery include Henry Tudor, Thomas Hamilton, James Boardman and Ales de Tocqueville. The issues that have been described in this book are based on four thematic chapters slaverly and its abolition, religion and politics, state and nation and finally, the issue of changing technology with the use of machines and spirit (Louis 2008).In the same year, there was a lot of violence and rebellions over slavery, tariffs and religious revivalism over the nation. He talks of a revolution that was led by Nat Turner who he describes like a very intelligent, charismatic and religious leader. He rebelled against slavery and the authorities even hunted him for questioning where he confessed about having taken place and led the rebellion.His actions brought a lot of attention towards America and it was at this point it was think that the slaves were not loya l and content, that slavery was not benign as it was prospect to be and that trying to hear the population through terror groups was not the modality out. The outspoken nature of Nat Turner inspired many of the abolitionists who made calls for emancipation of slaves. There were unresolved tensions between the states and the nations rights, competing passion for religion and politics. The believe on the emancipation of slaves has also been described where the race from the north expected it to be a belatedly and gradual process, but the people from the south saw it as a necessary evil.Masur P.L stated that the way to deal with the problem was to set up a colony in West Africa as they believed that the Africa Americas were befuddled and hopeless people who could not be able to rise above their conditions and state of living. It was described as the year when the Southern oligarchy quit the possibility of doing away with slavery and William fort demanded that there would be abol ition of some peculiar institutions. His newspaper, the liberator, was meant to make people see the evils of the day which by then they did not see. The override crisis and the Indian removal act further made the sectional differences and with the changes in technology it made outstanding changes in Americas relationship with the land. The author describes the American people as people who were in love with technology and therefore referred to them as the locomotive people (Louis 2008).The introduction of steamboats, railroads and the mechanized reapers made people very rich because of the profits that were being made. The author also describes the protestant missionaries as the people who worked on behalf of the Cherokees. They held a large numbers of slaves yet thirty years later they were barely mentioned and the Cherokees fought on the boldness of the confederacy supporting the very people who had thrown them out of their ancestral land and nobody dared to swot their voice ag ainst it.Policies that were made by Andrew Jackson against the Cherokee erase the last hopes of seeing the India as being autonomous. It was thought that religion would hold the nation together and help to counter their forces of disunity caused by the vast and large stain occupied, the numerous and the very increasing high population, the diversity of the local interests ,the power of selfishness and the feeling of sensational jealousy and hate had prevailed amongst the people of America.The religious revivalism that swept the country inspired the working class to agitate. It gave an insight in the idea of enthusiasms for religion as it was with even the tent meetings that were supposedly supposed to bring about mend of the individual together with the reform of the society at large. It also indicates the surprising rise of political movements much(prenominal) as the anti masons which was Americas third party that invented the presidential nominating convention. The Andrew admin istration threatened to draw and dissent the economic future of the country (Louis 2008). In conclusion, the author not only writes about the disconfirming issues that affected America but he also has intellectual pleasure that helps to savor the hypocrisies of the day by stating that although the Turners revolt saw many white many people maimed and killed, at least they were felicitous because women were never raped.He goes on to say that they finally saw the need to keep in find out the terror gangs and groups and began to give a doctrine that slavery was indeed benign and that the enslaved were loyal, content and more commodious than it was previously believed. As much as people from the north and those from the south were outraged by William Garrisons radical newspaper, their opposition against it only helped to popularize and circulate the paper which has today become one of the largest selling papers today. For the people from South Carolina, they took pride in the doctri ne of nullification as it meant that they could gybe the federal Government to interfere with slavery.ReferencesLouis, Masur P. 1831 Year of Eclipse .United States Barnes and noble.com lnc, 2008.

English Films Essay

It was an inauspicious period for the British consume industry, the World War II (WWI). With its outburst on the third of phratry 1939, only cinemas in Britain, along with other such venues as theatres and sports argonnas, were closed 5. However, when the cinemas reopened and the films started to reproduce, some of the notable plant were that of McAllister and Jennings. McAllister was viewed to have symbolic approach while Jennings was articulating a robust Socialist patriotism, a full-blooded cheat of England and the side of meat centred on an unashamed admiration for the qualities of the common man, 6 a very suitable news report during those periods.During the phase approaching 1960s however, English films portraying the English working life 7 in a realistic approach started some production and popularity. Currently, what suits the public and what satisfies them are films related to society, politics and horticulture the three common aspects of humanity where anyone can al most relate with. One satirical and famous English celebrity for this is Mike Leigh. What does the aforementioned themes in the film production suggest?This means that a film must coincide with events and societal demands as fountainhead as the requirements of regulatory bodies behind it. At bear in Great Britain, English films must be approved by the British Board of buck Classification (BBFC) which is an independent, non- regimeal body responsible for classification of cinema films beginning 1912 and the regulation of videos since the Video Recordings cloak enactment in 1984 8.Some of the rules administered by the Board is to ensure that violence, crime, foul nature, criminal behaviour, illegal drugs, horror and sex, as well as videos teaching criminal techniques in the films are closely examined and must not be shown to inappropriate audiences, especially to the children as mandated by various legislations the likes of Obscene Publications Act or the Protection of Children Ac t 9. In the past three years, 2005 until last year, the Board has made seven, ten and five cuts, respectively, on all the movies that passed through the inspection.10 Aside from the previously mentioned set of rules and regulations for the films, another thing that must be well thought-out before producing films are the subjects that the interior(a) government is promoting and plump foring, or, in another case, what that government is banning. This is obvious as what the government wants (or does not want) to be shown in public, thus they subsidize and/or reduce taxes for some films while others are not shown at all.In fact, government tactics in film propaganda was already rampant since the WWII to abide what they want to convey such as the production in 1941 of The Big Blockade, a feature-length propaganda film dramatizing the activities of the Ministry of economic Warfare (MEW), 11 a peculiar film, mixing stylized reconstructions of life in Europe, newsreel, and a assault of information on the vital importance of MEW, At present the British government has the UK Film Council to support the production of films the government encourages.There are eight kinds of funds available for the program such as development fund, new cinema, festival, international festival sales and support, premiere, prints and advertising, short film completion and film matter fund. 12 In a way to promote the national lottery together with the films it funds, the UK Film council was created and it is funded from national lottery funds. It is currently the richest funding film body with approximately 38 million sterling pounds in budget. 13

The Hunters: Moonsong Chapter Thirty-Seven

Ethan had Chloe, was holding her tightly in his arms like a parody of a lovers embrace. languor moaned deep in his throat and strained toward her, exactly he couldnt move, couldnt even open his mouth to shout. Chloes blown-up brown eyeball were fixed on his, and they were fil ed with terror. As Ethan bent his head to her neck, flavorless held her scan and tried to s blockade Chloe a comforting message with his eyes.Its okay, Chloe, he apprehension. Please, it wont hurt for long. Be strong. Chloe whimpered, frozen, her eyes on Matts as if his steady gaze was the scarcely thing keeping her from fal ing to pieces.Keeping his eyes on hers and his lively slow, Matt tried to emanate calmness, tried to soothe Chloe, as his mind worked frantical y. Including Ethan, there were fifteen Vitales. Al of them vampires. The an early(a)(prenominal) Vitales were watching quietly from asshole the altar, permitting Ethan upshot the lead and sire the pledges.The bodies of four of the pledge s rank at Ethans feet now. Theyd be out of the picture for several hours at least, their bodies going through the transition that would take them from corpses to vampires. Including Matt and Chloe, there were six pledges left. The longer Matt waited to fight back, the worse the odds would get. that what could Matt do? If only he could break this involuntary stil ness, if only he werent a helpless prisoner.He tried again to move, this time focusing al his military posture on lifting his right arm. His muscles tensed with effort, but after about thirty seconds of trying, he stopped in disgust. He was exhausting himself, and he wasnt pitiful an inch.Whatever held him was strong.But if he could figure out a way to get free, then hed be fitting to grab a torch from the wal , maybe. Beneath his robe, his pocket knife weighed heavily in his knickerbockers pocket.Vampires burned. Cutting off their heads would kil them. If he could just hold the vampires off long enough to pul Chloe and whichever other pledges he could grab out of the room, then he could come back later with reinforcements and fight them with a jeopardy at winning.But if he couldnt break this spel or compulsion that was holding him in place, any scheme he came up with would be useless.Ethan raised his head from Chloes neck, his long sharp teeth pul ing out of her throat, and trounce gently at the red blood trickling from the wound in her neck. I know, sweetheart, he murmured, but its only for a moment. And then wel live forever. Chloes eyes glazed over and fluttered shut, but she was stil breathing, stil alive. There was stil a fortuity for her.At Ethans feet, Anna stirred and moaned. As Matt watched in horror, her eyes snapped open, and she looked up at Ethan, her expression at sea but adoring.No Matt thought. Its too soonAs if he had caught the thought, Ethan turned to Matt and winked. The herbs in the mixture you al drank worked to thin your blood and speed up your metabolism, he said, his voice as routine and friendly as if they were chatting in the cafeteria. I wasnt sure if it would work, but it looks like it does. Makes the transition go a lot faster. His smile widened. Im a biochem major, you know. Ethans mouth was smeared with blood, and Matt shuddered but couldnt look away from the golden eyes that held his.Its possible, Matt thought for the first time, that I might non survive this. His stomach rol ed with nausea. He real y didnt want to become a vampire.If the newly transformed pledges were waking up so soon, the already slim odds would quickly become impossible. New vampires, he remembered from Elenas transformation back in the winter, awoke vicious, unreasoning, hungry, and fanatical y committed to the vampire who had changed them.Ethan lowered his head to bite at Chloes neck again, as Anna climbed to her feet with a fluid, inhuman grace. On the other side of the altar, Stuart was now beginning to stir, one long phase shifting restlessly against the dar k wood of the floor.His throat burning with unvoiced sobs of frustration, Matt felt his furthest flame of hope begin to flicker and die. There was no escape.Suddenly, the door at the far end of the chamber burst inward, and Stefan swept in.Ethan looked up in surprise, but onward he or the other vampires could move, Stefan flew crossways the chamber and ripped Chloe from Ethans arms. She fel flat in front of the altar, blood running down her neck. Matt couldnt tel if she was stil breathing, stil clinging to look as a human, or not.Stefan grabbed Ethan by his long robe and slammed him against the wal . He shook the curly-haired vampire as easily as a dog might shake a rat.For a moment, the terrible dread that held Matt in its grip loosened. Stefan knew what was happening, Stefan had found him. Stefan would save them al .The other Vitales were racing toward Stefan now as he struggled with Ethan, their long robes flowing behind them as they smoothly came forward, moving as one.Stef an was without a dubiety much stronger than any of them. He flung a black-clad female vampire the one who had handed him the goblet, Matt thought away from him easily, and she sailed across the chamber as if she was no heavier than a rag dol , landing in a crumpled heap against the opposite wal . Smiling viciously, Stefan tore at the throat of another with his teeth, and she fel to the kingdom and lay stil .But there were so many of them, and only one of Stefan.After just a few minutes of watching the fight, Matt could see that it was hopeless, and his heart sank. Stefan was much older, and much stronger, than any other vampire in the room, but together they outweighed him. The tide of the battle was turning, and they were overwhelming him through the sheer strength of their numbers. Ethan was free of him now, straightening his robes, and four of the Vitale vampires, working together, pinned Stefans arms behind him. Anna, her eyes shining, snapped at him viciously.Ethan grabbed a torch from the wal behind him and eyed Stefan speculatively, absently licking at the blood on the back of his hand. You had your chance, Stefan, he said, smiling.Stefan stopped attempt and hung limp between the vampires holding his arms. Wait, he said, looking up at Ethan. You wanted me to collaborate you. You begged me to join you. Do you stil want me?Ethan tilted his head thoughtful y, his golden eyes bright.I do, he said. But what can you tel me thatl make me believe you want to join us?Stefan licked his lips. Let Matt go. If you let him leave safely, Il stay in his place. He paused. On my honor.Done, Ethan said immediately. He flicked his fingers in the air without winning his eyes from Stefan, and Matt staggered, suddenly released from the compulsion that had held him in place.Matt sucked in one long breath and then ran straight for the altar and Chloe. Maybe it wasnt too late. He could stil save her.Stop. Ethans voice cracked commandingly across the room. Matt froze in pla ce, formerly again unable to move.Ethan glared at him. You do not help. You do not fight, he said coldly. You go.Matt looked imploringly at Stefan. Surely he wasnt just supposed to leave, to scourge Chloe and Stefan and the others to the Vitale vampires. Stefan gazed back at him, his features rigid. Sorry, Matt, he said flatly. The one thing Ive learned over the years is that sometimes you have to surrender. The best thing you can do now is just leave. Il be okay.And then, jarringly curious and sudden in Matts head was Stefans voice. Damon, he said fiercely. Get Damon.Matt gulped and, as Ethans compulsion released him once more, nodded slowly, trying to look defeated while stil signaling to Stefan with his eyes that his message had been received.He couldnt look at the other pledges. No matter how much he hurried, some or al of them would die before he returned. Maybe Stefan would be able to save some of them. Maybe. Maybe he would be able to save Chloe.His heart pounding with ter ror, his head spinning with fear, Matt ran for the exit and for help. He didnt look back.

Structured society relies on people knowing how to survive in Western Civilization

Structured alliance relies on flock knowing how to survive, and also how to survive with early(a)s. According to Owen, (1997), there exist the general skeleton of the accessible found which is so well distinct, planned, and planned that theres room for soulal freedom and creativity at heart the organization. In anatomical coordinate affectionate club, mint works while e precise individual knowing his duty, for example if the society is structured, kindlyly politically and economically. There need to be justness and swan hence need for specialisation, this reduces engagement in terms of utilisation assignment.The specialization is cognize to be the major(ip) drive for cultivation. When mixed with variation of labor, specialization allows for maintenance of law and order. In such societies duties and responsibilities argon stated, for example in political structure we have the roles of the president affirmed and written in the constitution hence angiotensin con verting enzyme has guidelines to abide with. The drawing card has to have subject to rule, its not possible to have rulers if you have no people to rule, hence need for structured society whereby people argon civilized and atomic number 18 able to live together in harmony.Law and order is real vital in such societies (Owen, 1997). Christiano (2004) observes that when we live within the law, we voice in the mutual candid which helps all, and provides for a better world to grow and live in. But In Aristotelian scholasticism, ethics which are the basis for law are understood to mean the science for in force(p) biography (Barford, 1996). In the same context, man is regarded as rational animal and therefore able to form in accordance with the right reason and also able to act justly and courageous.As members of the society, we are supposed to come together and advance base on the laws of the society we live in. Reilly (2000) thinks that liberty was obligatory for revolution only when utilise the like a guiding rule, he emphasized that independence of distributively person must be respected. However, according to him total freedom for all cannot exist as a basis of the society. For one person to have entirely autonomy over an some other person, the other person will have to give up their freedom to allow the former to survive.When people move from their tribal clique, races to join new people in the working places for example town, they are said to undergo civilisation which is a slow process which started long time ago more than 5000 years ago (Jessop, 1998). refinement brings positive competition where bothone will do his best to be on the top of other ladder, sparkle. educate People are able to live together irrespective of their complaisant background it has increased verify between individuals to an extent that people are able to collect each other whenever a dwell go astray, therefore togetherness in the comm concord.Natural law is view ed by many philosophers as the instrument used in the exploration of gods will. As Martin, (1999) explains, natural law is different from theology, in that it does not rely to the full on supernatural law or revealed sources but on empirical evidence concerning gentlemans gentleman earthly concern and nature. Natural law is a source of social norm in the society. It provides the basis for moral strategy in different religious group. According to Owen (1997), in whatever setting of the society and religion, all per centum the super acid frame work of natural law.Looking at the process of absorbing social norm, members of a society utilize socialization and education to distinguish between the good and the evil. Social norms are based on human nature and are important convections required to achieve social stability. The major object of natural law is to make or sustain socially valued roles for people in their society, in case where an individual holds valued social roles, one is highly likely to receive in drop dead over those good things in life that are obtainable in that society hence the society constantly a way of paying those people who adhere to its norms.In additional all sorts valued things that other people are able to pass on are almost involuntarily accorded to a person who holds societal appreciated roles, at least within the resources and norms ones society. (Barford, 1996). Most human being societies have adoptive certain societal norms which result either from ethics or from intrinsic ideas. But according to Young, (2003), consequences are that they partially result to human societies being unable to forbid impunity. Eventually, serious tensions picks in the society that may lead to societys demolition.Men in general learn to differentiate between good and evil through learning and socialization. Through reason, a man is able to distinguish between what is unsufferable and what can be accepted in a particular society. Some norms are vital for social stability and in this sense such norms are based on human natural history, they are conventions that we need to have a stable society. Therefore society norms and ethics have a major role in setting the society free from disorder (Barford, 1996).If law totally breaks down, then society is worse off than before (Owen, 1997). Socrates believed in this statement and totally refused to break the law. He wondered what kind of citizen he will be if he refused to accept the ruling of the jury. In addition Reilly (2000) in his book the social organization of today are dissimilar from the first civilizations in that primitive cultures depended on unity of people to live. However currently everyone depends on cash inform of monitory value and it has established the same as the commonplace good.According to Kibuka (2000), the society without cash would work mainly because it goes against individual nature. No matter how reliable and accountable people are civilized, people always need a reward. He continue to pack criticism that without the reward everything will have no value hence the world will until now be far away from civilization. In his book Reilly (2000) argues that an operational, liberated and just society must occupy on a basic principle.Right liberty cannot be real for all, unless the civil liberties of all are valued by all, these right can be liberty and the pursuit of happiness. According to Karl Marx, order is highly important for the organization and for maintenance of all human societies and to bring about civilization. He said the high rank of order a society achieves, the more superior the society tends to be unable to happen order and indeed the more chaotic it become (young, 2003). Marx contradicts with Reilly (2000) who thought civilization goes fade in hand with law and order in the system.He points out that through the period of anarchy and revolution a society mainly lack order and therefore becomes chaotic. Both Marx and Reilly (2000) however converge on the same thoughts that societies have a lot of the attributes of the united system through swapping matter and energy to their surroundings as they add to their order specialization tend to develop. The world is an island and therefore we all need each other to survive and we communication which is the key to the organization and development of all human societies this involves use of words and symbols.Its therefore very vital to have a pattern of value, order and norms so that law and order will be retained in a society this explains why in a structured society there is need for law and order. In addition order and pattern is the core of social union and function (Cohen & Arato, 2001). Karl Marx quoted that though much energy is put in a society to maintain order, change is unavoidable hence he believed that every society can be destroyed if unity is not maintained by law and order (Young, 2003).At this juncture, Marx was in agreement with (Re illy 2000) who argued out that for there to be order in the society we need law to be followed for law and orders go hand in hand. Reilly (2000) believed that rational societies were structured to attain goals flexibly and were able to meet the test of time therefore adjusting for better. In what I regard as the major achievement of the classical and Roman Empires, the ancient classical empire has contributed a lot to civilization of the west. Since inception the Grecian philosophy, it has continued to shape the whole of western thought impacting on modern philosophy and modern science (Jessop, 1998).Although many philosophers believe that neither interrogatory nor the reason began with the ancient Greeks, the Socratic methods together with his ideas of form are entirely from the Greek. Socrates who was the teacher for Plato was an Athenian philosopher who believed that a person should strive always to do well. He emphasized that one should always know you and he was known for disobeying the bad command (Barford, 1996). Aristotle and Plato work forms the major philosophies that have greatly influenced the western philosophy.The Greeces were very good in art, history, art and science which many countries including western countries borrowed to shape their growth of civilization. All these cultures begun with what is known as golden age of Greece its the time of cultural prosperity peace and time of law and order in Greece. More so myths, Olympics, democracy rule of law all originated in Greece. Greeks had a very rich culture which influenced western civilization. The most notable was mainly their philosophy and its culture which dictates their rich norms and values (Hefner, 1998).Greek scientist made radical discoveries in several fields like in mathematics, physics, medicine, biology and astronomy. This forms part of the reason why Greek civilization is still regarded as beat of discoveries. On addition it was first in Greeks where commercial trading po st and colonies were founded this led to the growth of look at which in turn led to adoption of septic alphabetical scrip. These scripts led to the development of the subject mathematic. The Greek had several enemies who wanted to conquer them.The conflicts with the Persians did not only make the Greek Empire become very strong but also allowed establishing a very strong form of government which favored specialization (Hefner, 1998). To an extent ancient Greece affected civilization of the west with politics, this is because the Greece was the first to establish the democratic systems. Laws as its in many western countries laws were voted on and proposed directly by the assembly of all citizens therefore Greece offered a form of government which is used by the western countries including the US.A form of government which has the Executive branch, the juridical branch and the judicial branch began with the Greece and later borrowed by the west. Greece was the first to realize the i mportant of shoot a lines and make sport their tradition hence the first Olympic was held there. Surprisingly, up to date the western countries still compete on the same sports which were held on the first Olympics (Martin, 1999). For ancient Roman, Engineering was a main issue influencing western civilization. present tense the Greek technologies are used to build bridges, harbors and roads were buildings in the west.Cohen and Arato (2001) express no doubt that civilization of the west has been shaped and largely based on Greeces powerful politics, philosophers, medics, sports and classical art. The society has play a big role in the invention of law, in order to advance the concept of the common good. The common good was crucial to normative vision of what can be regarded as good life during the time of the Greek moral philosophy that formed the basis of western thought. The common good entails take hold idea that a person as sacred and social.Common good is based on sense tha t human rights and dignity together with well being and human potential are achieved in ones moral ecology. On the other hand it is the social justice that orients the moral action to the common good. Every person in the society who is dedicated to the quality of life and to the well being of every body gives in to the common good of all since. Plato asserted that in a just society, citizen bestowed themselves to the common good, act morally and wisely, and practices the occupation they are best suited.Aristotle contrary to that recommended that a state should be governed by middle class, because he thought that they are likely to struggle for fairness of the common good. Moreover he stressed that an individual depends on the society in order to survive a truly human life, and even that the state is a natural creation that precedes a person (Owen, 1997). As per St. Augustine, he deviate the natural law of society from one based on reason to one based on divine rule.In his argument, St Augustine Hefner (1998) apprehends God and churches as the vital base of civic virtue, law and order of the social order. Therefore religion is very important in shaping human destiny, for church offers laws and ethics to be followed. Its societys role to come out with guidelines for defining what is norm and what is right. It is also the society role in general to mold its own people. It has a function of maintaining law and order hence protect its people. Jessop, (1998) asserts that the main function of civil society is to compel human beings to respect one anothers rights.Civilization can be achieved only when the civil societies in the western countries protect its members to pursue several(a) interest at the same time the political parties striving to guide the members towards party goals. Nevertheless, many philosophers foreknow that the western civilization is on the verge of collapsing. Cohen and Arato (2001) attribute the collapse to invasion of the west culture by ot her cultures. Although, the west citizens are slowly rejecting their community culture, they still hold some sense of shipment towards it.