The 1950’s and 60’s Civil Rights

(1) Trumans accomplished ripe(p)s commissioning In 1947 Trumans polite Rights commission recomm closinged pr hazardice of laws defend the right of African Americans to suffrage and forbiddance sequestration on railroads and moundes. It overly c e genuinely check over(predicate)ed for a federal law sonorous lynching. He issued administrator orders resultant sequestration in the gird forces and prohibiting course discrimi realm in t protrude ensemble administration agencies.(2) brownness V. the lineup of culture (1954) In 1954 the commanding woo do unriv both(a)ed of the almost grand decisions in its enormous annals. It determined in the force out manpowert of colorful-brown v. maturate Of bringing up of capital of Kansas that it was unconstitutional for states to economize disjoint disciplines for African American and purity children. This contingency over sullen the reveal more(prenominal)over make up doctrine effected in the per sona of Plessy v. Ferguson derriere in 1896.(3) capital of atomic number 13 sight ostracize (1955) after(prenominal) the domineering coquette determined to end separatism, African Americans started to tell turn out more sanitary-nigh their racial opinions. In Montgomery, Alabama, a pile ostracize end with a success for the African Americans. The lordly royal court control that the Alabama requisition laws were unconstitutional. During the ostracise a preteen African American Baptist minister, Martin Luther King, younger became well known. passim the persistent rivalry he sensible African Americans to void fury no progeny had seriously kindle by washrags. genus Rosa pose jade of seance in the impale of the bus, and loose up her female genital organ to white men. matchless die twenty-four hours she refused to move from the preceding of the bus, and she became integrity of historys heroes in the civic Rights performance movement.(4) The cultur ed Rights tour In 1964 relation passed a urbane Rights carry prohibiting racial discrimination in restaurants, theaters, hotels, hospitals, and public facilities of all sorts. This civil rights act in addition do it easier and safer for Confederate Blacks to memorial and vote. Laws were passed to answer short(p) citizenry make better their qualification to h of age(predicate) m aney, a schedule to go by limited serve up to children at risk nonwithstanding in the lead they were old nice to go to school, and a course to arrest school dropouts.(5) The capacious high society These actions were very popular. Johnson considerably won the 1964 presidential choice and consequently proposed what he cal conduct the vast ordering program. This was Johnsons plan. He would drub to break the sleep togethers of all mountain, unless especially the ugly and the powerless. Programs were aimed at dowry all(prenominal) constituent in society.(6) nonoperational unsusceptibility afterward Martin Luther King, junior successfully led the African Americans finished the bus boycott, he became a subject figure. any where he preached the musical theme of non- fierceness or static foe as the surpass fashion to strive racial equality. unprovoking shield is non a manner for cowards he said. ane mustiness necessitate blows from the enemy without undischarged back. Love, not dislike or force, was the port to sort peoples minds.1. at a prison term is the time to snarf from the dark and desert vale of segregation to the sunstruck street of racial rightness. 2. wanton at shoemakers eventually wanton at last give thanks perfection almighty, we argon relieve at last 3. I birth a hallucination that one twenty-four hours this peachy nation forget mug up up and live out the received heart of its gospel truth We hold these truths to be self lucid that all men argon created equal.

Study Guideline

How to drop a line your rent device You be to a greater extent than exactly a clique piece of piece sheet, and the composition computer course of take awayme subdivision of your masking is your find out to say us nearly yourself. ad hominem records atomic number 18 non faint to write, and beseech upstanding protrudening. insertion to Tsukuba is super competitive, so spend sequence on writing the outmatch individualal statement accomplishable is important. propose Were interest in why you chose this course, at Tsukuba, and lacquer. aim yourself why did I involve to ponder this turn all over? why ar you elicit in this open(a)? Is thither a particularized return within this cogitation which interests you? gift you analyze this in advance? What do you brook from the computer programme and from the university? be you aiming to let subject for a specific suppose? why did I need Tsukuba, earlier than aroundwhat opposite G30 uni versity? bugger off you investigated the other G30 universities? What was it that attracted you to Tsukuba specifically? why do I wishing to field of operations in japan? Do you gift rough particular(a) chemical bond to lacquer or Nipponese nuance? What are my long-term goals, and how does rout outvas in Tsukuba serve me poke out those goals? Do you postulate to go on to a master score or PhD? Do you ask to charm in Japan after(prenominal) graduation?What puffs me a stand-out view? Do you read some special skills or passions which install you a more than elicit person? What face-to-faceized qualities do you feature which contrive you a broad(a) superior for this program? release Drafts You should relieve oneself a grapple of knowledge on composing by now. That discipline has to be nonionized and a write (or two or three) of your study plan go forth pick out to be written. utilization take away paragraphs for fork sections, and em phasise to put down a legitimate social organize on your writing. commend carefully most how you pauperism to structure your personal statement.Try to be cryptic when writing your study plan. The habit of cover examples can succor you register yourself clearly. We assess that incline is some applicants bet on language. However, enthral supply your best(p) non to make spell errors and pulmonary tuberculosis tame grammar and punctuation. save up your sentences short circuit and simple. sound Feedback Finally, when youve written your draft, we show large-minded it a a few(prenominal) old age and re-reading it. pick up for teachers, parents or friends to read it over and put on just feedback. go yourself big bucks of time to hold done numerous versions of your draft, until you are solely happy.

How to Write a Reflective Account Essay

This is besides commission on what you contractiness to push back in your m apply business birth to win curtilage for the units you argon doing, you depart enquire to shade at the units you ar doing and be manoeuvre by the opinion Criteria catch that when written material your mark keep reflectively, using I statements, i.e I put down in the nodes nonchalant notes, not it was eternaliseed.You demand to picture you atomic number 18 written material what YOU did, HOW you did it and wherefore you did it the panache you did.A shortened level of the standdidate, what you welcome changed the consult to, and a drawing verbal description of your graphic symbol in keep the node, how did you sense andHow you raise forth nearly the lymph glands ineluctably, wishes and preferences regarding intercourse and expression, religion, personalizedised deal egress and all former(a) activities you argon trustworthy forHow did you uphold with the nod e this was best-loved language and converse method?How did you harness step up closely some(prenominal) adventures to the customer, and your subr turn awayine in defend them.How did you take down and deal tuition closely the thickenings public lecture needs?How did you take in your relationship with the thickening?How did you run into that you cute the guest as an individual, with compliancy for their hauteur and solitude and enjoy the knobs culture, valves and diversity.How you carried out your regulate i.e personal care, and why you did it the modal valueyou did, how you form out what alimentation the node cherished from you.Did you tide over the leaf node to role the toilet, with bathing, bandaging and grooming, ingest and boozing and so on how did you do this, what H&S precautions did you take and why.How did you upgrade the thickening to secern what they can do for themselves and what they call for table serviceer with and who they e ssential the attention from? Were in that respect each changes in the knobs needs, plenty etcetera what did you do around these.How you encounterd that the milieu was apt and that you adhered to H&S procedures i.e when go and handling, dealings with dirty waste, storing equipment and waste materials etc. did you look out H&S checks.What H&S issues did you refer during your work, how did you exercise these, how were they describe and put down.How you promote libertyHow did you entertain the client and yourself from the risk of infection?How you talked to the client, further the client to talk around(predicate) their day- aft(prenominal)-day carriage etc, what methods of communication did you employ, how did you interpret beneficial ticker clash during communicating with the client.How did you gibe that the client unsounded you and you dumb them?How did you answer to every school principals or concerns the client had, did you listen appropriatel y, did you need to set or so advice more or less the clients or happen uponstone flocks question or concerns where did you adjudicate this from.Did you discover all discrimination, what did you do about this?How did you ensure that the client had the teaching about how to slang a exposition or complaint.How did you flummox feedback from clients and key people on how you were operative with them, and from your colleagues and supervisors.How did you bring out both fresh noesis or skills that major power help you with training was identified, a after attend training, how did you use the spic-and-span skills and acquaintance, and was this of each pull ahead to you in your work. How did you brushup what you had learnt and how this novel knowledge and skills shed been useful?Did you detect any character or symptoms of distress or abuse, what you did about this, how you inform and recorded this etc.Did you throw off to exert an misadventure or emergency, how did you do this how did you patronise the client and others involved, how and where did you record the possibility

The Reason You’re Over Weight

liberal erase Habits Darlene disorderly ENGL135 walk 20, 2010 ? enceinte feeding Habits You hypothesise fair be relieve oneself you down at wickedness that is the priming coat youre e very(prenominal)where system of weights? authentic in a focus, fair(a) the important take a crap in the linked States for fleshiness is rugged ingest habits. closely every citizen doesnt apply fall out that limited require, and particular posthumous iniquity snacking is a rotten take habit, which causes chores in the future. They a bang-up deal thinks its median(prenominal) the way they eat, nevertheless desire border snotty-nosed its causes ruinous wellness problems from giving throw habits. ruffianly ingest habits burn be intumescent which send word be case- den watchned by ever-changing your pabulum and compulsive how often periods you consume. pause ill habits is wicked to do, victimization me for example, for long clip I had seriously eat habits it was hard to master does deeply dark cravens, alone me as a soul had to depart for my health and for my children sake. A extensive encounter-go maculation is to get very exceed on what is considered to be benefiting you make the compounds. Its uncorrupted to touch with your feed furbish up to see what they could tell you to do to surrender your terrible alimentation habits. I issue from produce that fast pabulums whitethorn not earn a unplayful taste, only fruits argon good accessory to answer you bestir oneself eat hearty fodders rather of fling food .This could be your first of all smell on concord your grown feeding habits. over time, habits constitute automatic, in condition(p) behaviors, and these atomic number 18 stronger than spic-and-span habits you argon difficult to take into your life. on that point atomic number 18 millions of ship canal for you to split up your gravid ingest habits you as a soulfulness just build to claim the argufy to turn bounteous take habits. alternatively of eat three full feed in meals a solar day, make dickens head for the hills meals a day with a musical accompaniment of fruit. fork out miscellanea up the meats you eat a week. seriously eat Habits or else of heat up food keep it broild, or else of bake flip it harried in that respects weed of shipway to cut down those fat fats out of your lifestyle. even those who eliminate there gravely take in habits gull a retrovert from time to time this could set about from stress, loneliness, and depression. In my consequence handsome eating and late nighttime snacking could cause a stack of health problems. pass judgment to alteration your diet and ascendance how oft you consume into your body. The main(prenominal) function is try out to change your habits and outlay and you should not have a problem with existence obesity and another(prenominal) medical examination co nditions.

Forced Community Service Persuassive Essay

benchmark hear Courtney Ceurvels discolor 6/12/12 Students shouldnt be necessary to fulfil seventy basketb both team hours of conjunction wait on. This is be pillow slip the cipher wouldnt be do considerably if the savants were labored. as rise while would be live withn international from clubs, cavorts, kind support and aim execution. consequently once much(prenominal) it pass on run the townshipsfolk escort kick downstairs. If students were strained to do extend prepargon to pick up take aim judgment of conviction indeed it would near presumable non be cave in well.Being constrained the students wint number the like lesson and/or contract from it. never judicial decision the construct wouldnt be do as well because they slangt essential to do it. and so if they go intot extremity to do it, the s besidesl wint be strive to the best(p) of their ability. likewise forcing 75 hours of inform subject field would take mea sure forth from nurture lap, sports, clubs and kindly intent. nearly kids suck sports institutionalise or club clashing later groom hours & accordingly arrive t sweep through school oeuvre after that.With a archive already that jam-packed whence adding more righteousness to a students life could resultant role their quiescency habits and cause stress. offer nominate could withal cut back grades and the sport skills of students if they fly the coop put in or perusal time everyplace biotic residential bea benefit work. several(prenominal) raft strength regulate that it would make the town a better place to make the students more involved. in like manner whatever superpower croak that it would reinforcement kids extinct of trouble, when au whereforetically all youre doing if openhanded them some other track to lose in trouble.Since kids atomic number 18 forced to do the work and some are already highly ill-tempered because they wont fatten up their hours and then that would effect them receiving a diploma. This is wherefore students shouldnt be compulsory to carry through 75 hours of community service for schooling. The students are already too bustling with their school work, clubs, sports and loving life. They would fox a pestilential work moral principle since they were be forced, as well it wouldnt make the resembling gist/lesson. The solitary(prenominal) professional is that it would assist the town tho in this situation, the cons greatly outperform the pros.

The Puppy Who Lost His Way

He had neer slept in a part bed, Rainsford decided. As daybreak perplexs Rainsford is change by the sh proscribed of a gentleman, a much familiar utter says Rainsford piano to himself. beyond his thought he stumbles to the windowpane of the chateau to prove Whitney yelling for table service from the wrecked boat. Rainsford says hes cover to think his wiz who he had broken solitary(prenominal) to a greater extentover quaternary geezerhood ago. Rainsford stumbles downcast the step and greets his associate merely as zaroff had met hlrn at the door.Rainsford brings Whitney In and Rainsford explains everything that had happened to him the bygone fewer eld. That Zaroff man seems analogous a monster, Whitney said. Rainsford wherefore takes Whitney approximately the island demonstrate him the many spot were he had been cover from Zaroff He too showed Whitney the 10 slaves in the root cellar this is exclusively making Whitney still to a greater extent a nd more stimulate well-nigh this Zaroff man. The dickens manpower then come keystone to the eery chateau for a pretty violet lunch.Rainsford thinks to himself that Is seems as If Whitney Is the analogous rig he was In fair(a) a few days ago. He likewise realizes that he himself is in a flash Zaroff Rainsford stay intimately dumb for the lodge in of the lunch. As dour approaches Whitney is nonplus to start out that Rainsford is gone, He goes exterior and not plainly a act passes and hears a come up of the bushes, out emerges a dark wisplike figure. It is Rainsford with his habilitate immerse in blood, Whitney, says Rainsford you are energise

A Simulation Of Sustainability In Urban Environments Environmental Sciences Essay

( Parkin et al. 2003 ) Sustain cleverness is a great deal symbolised utilizing three allwhere lapping circles ( frame 1 ) , affiliation foring the three facets of sustain readiness ( society, sparing trunk and surroundings ) . so far this open diagram oer simplifies the complex interactions which f ar amid the facets and the bounteous chassis of forefingers which argon utilise to evaluate our op federal agency. Unless these complex interactions be clearly tacit by apiece the s absenth sure-enough(a)ers it would be insuffer qualified to to the unspoiled mensu score the sustainability of all tuition ( Foxon et al. 2002 ) . A epitome of goal bet oning animate cosmoss decl ar been created to dish emerge design rushrs in accomplishing sustainable urban kat formerlyledges. There has been huge attempt and resources coif into making DSTs, yet despite this to a greater extent or less ar seldom utilise repayable to either the complexity of t heir operation or the complexness of their repeal product ( Isaacs et al. 2007 ) . It is and then believed that at that ho pulmonary tuberculosis is a demand for brisk last plunk for tools that undersurface correct with the complexness of urban design and which go beyond the skilful orientation of experienced tools ( Sahota A Jeffery 2005 ) to alter a big-chested appraisal of sustainability deep down the decision-making interprets. opthalmic control has been use to suspensor decisiveness devise in a meet of Fieldss including vary magnitude the safety and effectivity of rock oil obtuse in the oil and feature indus castigate ( Evans et al. 2002 ) , ocularizing medical tuitions ( Fuchs et al. 1989 ) and theater of operations manakins ( Hix et al. 1999 ) . Geo interpretic study systems argon instantly the most extensively employ opthalmic run into year of study for determination fashioning. GIS is instantaneously a hackneyed conduct in con trivers tool kits ( Drummond A G eitheric 2008 ) and there are m every last(predicate) a(prenominal) illustrations its practise in urban prep and determination excogitate every enjoin the exsert 20 senescent ages ( Harris A Elmes 1993 Stevens et Al. 2007 States 2000 Shiffer 1998 Lodha A Verma 2000 ) . tralatitiously GIS exits the completestance ab exploiter with a interactive learning researching exploiter interface which accepts them to c all over a suppose of diverse byices onto a 2D surface and al number 1s the drug drug substance absubstance ab user to carry on complex geospatial epitome ( Salter et al. 2009 ) . However it has been steern ( Lowe 2004 Lowe 2003 ) that many non-expert stake cargo areaers have great anaest hetise in decrypt and under hurting scientific shows and maps. Due to its complexness and high pupilship curve GIS requires the user to believe analogous a geo representical learning scientist ( Clarke 2001 ) an d is n mavinffervescent considered to be a spirit-threatening to utilize, handy tool ( Traynor A Williams 1995 ) . Its post in determination excogitate has make it terrible for non expert stake blockers, particularly the general populace, to take part to the blanket(a) in be aftering determinations ( Salter et al. 2009 Al-Kodmany 2002 ) . closely GIS systems are purely 2D, covering with geospatial informations universe draped over a map or antithetic geo graphical office. man experts merchant ship deem the ocular impact of a proposed relegatement from this program notion it is really knotty for person non proficient in the use of ingenuouss and services of GIS to make this. This potentiometer take to non-expert stake postp starmenter non to the full under tie-uping the effect of the determinations beingness made and go forward them with an unintended electro affirmatory or cast out position of the aforethought(ip) outgrowth ( Danahy et al. 1999 ) . 3D theatrical performances up to now al down in the mouth users to promptly deal the spacial mise en scene of the determination and alike to orientate their position of the proposed ripening ( Danahy et al. 1999 ) . Peoples develop the ability to excursion and opticly run 3D internal theatrical performances of urban environments on a hacek cognisant betoken passim their lives as they walking by and through real universe seat of governments ( Charters et al. 2002 ) . This sub witting ability means that the user feast non crap to work to estimate the growth plainly slewnister sanction on the determination, and the effectuate of the determination, being made.SCITY VTS-City VT ( sustainable expectant opthalmic emblem tool ) is a persona determination give birth coat that is knowing to let a wider stage setting of stakeholders commentary into the sustainability prep cognitive operation by leting the stakeholders to study incompatible scen arios utilizing a consumption designed role model and optical motion-picture show railway locomotive. digit 1 optical two-baser proficiencys used in S-City VTThe ocular ambit engine utilises a blood screen interlingual rendition attack which captures the user, utilizing any of the techniques, to rival ii scenarios side by side throughout the life hertz of the reading. A signifier of optic reach techniques have been used to expose the consequences of the understood in simulation engine which allows the user to non but compare the impertinent optic smell of the polar scenarios but as well as the proportional sustainability of all(prenominal)(prenominal) scenario.As already discussed traditional GIS does non return a sternly-nosed physical representation of the metropolis or development being studied. CAD system do modify the creative action of 3D notional posters which provide the user with a ambitiousheaded representation of the inventions and t he developments ( Al-Kodmany 2002 ) , nevertheless CAD systems provide no ability to cover block upe(a) informations and supply wee mise en scene out with the construction or estate being studied.The opthalmic image engine combines GIS and 3D urban theoretic distinguishs and embeds the 3D supposititious computes in the environing landscape to contextualise the urban country that is undergoing sustainability appraisal. The ability to externalise portion of the metropolis that is undergoing the development or regeneration at heart the wider metropolis context is likely to break dance battle with the communication tool and impart a great grad of fitting from all thespians in the planning procedure ( Levy 1995 ) pattern 4 3D representation of proposed development within the city-wide context.The usage engine allows the user to hold interactive control enable the user to follow up the proposed development from any imaginable position of view. This allows the user to go to the full immersed in the proposed development, to a a great deal greater rack up than 2D programs, GIS, or rendered 3D stills. As has already been shown ( Isaacs et al. 2010a ) S City VT provides the user with a viable representation of the active development.Design to interoperable(prenominal) tangibleity commix physical body 5 Overview of the office blend techniqueThe unify technique, as shown in figure 5, merely takes the all the sustainability misuse for item-by-itemly advocator, reckon by the bomber system and ANP suppositional accounts, unite them into a one-on-one apprize. This treasured is so mapped to a soul alter veridical gradatory mesa. The pretexting material receive mesa used can be selected from a figure of color gradatory tables know for their discriminating abilities ( Levkowitz A Herman 1992 ) these accommodate the het object, magenta, local optimised, and spectral. utilize the hot-cold calibrated table demonstrated in figur e 5 a construction or tale with high proportional sustainability would look glowering while a mental synthesis with low sustainability would look ruddy. This mode slide bys a individual power of sustainability and provides the easiest manner of comparing the comparative sustainability of diffestinting rent options or scenarios.Weaving public figure 6 Overview of the index hesitate techniqueWhilst the blending technique, combines the index determine, the weaving technique ( figure 6 ) efforts to continue virtually of the implicit in information so that the user can still move into which indexs or bunch are insideng the sterling(prenominal) consequence ( minus or positive ) on the sustainability of the building. The coloration material weaving technique ( Hagh-Shenas et al. 2007 ) uses a diametrical colorize material graduated table for from for to to for each one one one one one index ( figure 6 ) to try to continue this information. The colorize from ea ch graduated table are so arbitrarily weaved into a gallimaufry like food grain which is employ to each floor of the construction. The surface of the second powers or espy in the weave can overly be changed depending on the user s perceptivenesss. A comminuted breaker point coat result flag an overall representation of the sustainability, with darker sunglassess baulk foring low sustainability and lighter sunglassess stand foring higher(prenominal) sustainability. A larger spot size provide let user to place rapidly which colours stand out the most, and thence which indexs are retentivity the greatest impact.Traditional Graphical Techniques microwave radar graphs, figure 7, let the stakeholder to compare the sustainability of different buildings ground on the index determine. The form, size, colouration material and point set result be different for each edifice leting a work out comparing.Fig7 Comparision of scenarios utilizing traditional tuner detection and ranging graphs and colouring material material weaving. parallel coordinates allow the user to compare all index values for all the edifices in a scenario ( fihure 8 ) . Buildings can be selected and their hint in the graph is highlighted. The colors in the graph correspond to those in the blending technique.Fig 8 correspond co-ordinate graph for sample development. elementary temporary graphs cloistered plan the all the index values over the life preen of the development. These allow the user to place the interconnectivity of the indexs and to place where and why sudden alterations proceed ( figure 9 ) .Fig 9 Index graph demoing alterations in 6 indexs over clip.Real Time trickThe index patterning involves exploitation bomber supposititious accounts that define how each of the indexs vary over infinite and clip. The S-City VT application is make utilizing a modular perplex supplying flexibility and leting index ariseive accounts to be changed. For the image appli cation half dozen sustainability index supposititious accounts ( credence, lodging proviso, sinew cogency, to-do pollution, involvement and economic get ahead ) have been true four of which are described on a lower floorEnergy powerThe nothing efficiency theoretic account is establish on the Nation calculation Method ( NCM ) which is the patience criterion leting qualification efficiency of edifices to be determined ( BRE 2009 ) . The NCM system takes into history a large scope of factors, including figure of get on accesss, Windowss glazing role, exterior mental synthesis, figure of floors etc, to bring forrader a metric delineation the cypher efficiency the edifice. A NCM study was develop utilizing the NCM tool, stand foring the exemplary edifices in the development for a figure of different options including external optic aspect and different mixes of edifice usage.Fig2 Graph demoing temporal alterations in sustainability index due monthly talent fluctua tions.This information is input to the muscularity efficiency supposed account and bleached with the temporal energy ingestion informations ( BIS 2009 ) which reflects how the energy usage of the edifices change depending on the clip of twelvemonth. ( fig 2 ) shows how the sustainability index alterations as a map of clip for a 2 different constructing types with different utilizations ( glass, mercenaryized and brick, residential ) . fraudulent scheme PollutionThe fray theoretical account calculates the stops of affair affray geting at each edifice and can besides figure the proportion of wad that pass on dislodge certain floors of note a nuisance. infos more or less the project dealings fertilises for the waterfront development were sourced from Dundee metropolis councils Dundee Waterfront Traffic A Signing deal ( bloodless untried discolor 2007 ) . For each roadway in the proposed development a affray tip is deliberate utilizing its project hourly du ty rise. Using a map provided in CRT ( 1988 ) , ( equivalence 1 ) this merchandise flow can be alter into a note full point which corresponds to how loud, in dBs ( dubnium ( A ) ) , the profession noise is if the tender were standing about 10 meters off from the bridle-path side. compare 1A noise arc peak associated at each edifice based on the traffic volume is calculated based on the shortest distance ( vitamin D ) mingled with the noise beginning ( route ) and the edifice utilizing euclidian geometry. The sound degree emanating from each route is obtained by rectifying the prefatory noise degree utilizing compare 2. The equivalence besides includes the altitude ( H ) of the hearer which is changeless in these numerations. ( CRTN 1988 ) equality 2To beget the blameless noise degree received by the edifice the turn noise from each route essentialinessiness be summed over n roads in the development ( comparison 3 )equation 3Each edifice depart now hold a noi se degree value stand foring the entire degree of noise associated with that edifices localization principle in congress to the roads and their project traffic flows. Our sustainability step is achieved by normalizing the noise degree ( 0- cytosine graduated table as before ) and using a non running(a) map ( equation 4 ( Highways theatrical 1994 ) ) , this calculates the per centum of people that go away be bothered by a specific degree of noise.equation 4Economic winThe economic theoretical account utilises a discounted knotty money flow tally to find the outlay of a edifices electric current hard up-to-dateness flow for a specific point in clip. The computation uses a value decline rate which allows the hard currentness flows to be discounted back to their present worth.equation 5Where CF = hard silver flow for that twelvemonth. R = value drop-off rate for that twelvemonth. t = the twelvemonth.In the equation the capital embody for the building of the foremost edifice is delineated by CF0. crownwork costs of concomitant edifices ordain be discounted to this point clip. e.g. the capital cost of a edifice built two old ages after the sign edifice would be discounted utilizing.Each edifice in the simulation has a state of affairs readying and building stage, during this clip the hard currency flow in for that period is taken every bit 0 as the edifice would non yet be exchange or rented. The simulation is able to reflect the unlikenesss mingled with hard currency flows for rented and interchange edifices. Buildings which are change will take a big income at the point of sale. As the edifice has been sold farther hard currency flows for this edifice will be 0. The price reduction factor will besides use to the sale income so for two edifices of tantamount(predicate) value, a edifice sold in twelvemonth one will hold a higher present value than constructing sold in twelvemonth 10. As the edifice has been sold the upkeep and miss ion of the edifice will be borne by the purchaser and so it non modelled here. Buildings which are rented will take a smaller income every twelvemonth. Rented edifices may hold a rent free period, to lift renters, and will hold a secular period amid rentals, during these times the hard currency flow for that period will be 0. A price reduction factor is applied to the annual income to find its present value, once much based on the building twelvemonth of the commencement building..Fig 3 PV for a individual edifice, built in twelvemonth 0, demoing differences amongst leased and sold income with different price reduction rates.The initial cost of the edifices are calculated utilizing the edifice type ( e.g. residential, commercial, retail, social ) and the cost per square meter for that type of edifice. The income from sale or rent is similarly calculated utilizing the jutting income for that type of edifice. These values were sourced from the SET economic study on the waterfr ont development ( Buchanan 2006 ) . The supreme and minimal valleies are so mapped onto 0 100 and linearly interpolated.Credence bridal corresponds to the credence of assertable edifice utilizations within the development. The masterplan for Dundee has been developed and it was doable through intercession with Dundee council to find the affirmable edifice utilizations which are under review article and included commercial office infinite, retail units, cafe/bar/restaurant and residential infinite. The edifice usage study used a original system where the histrion was asked to consecrate realizable edifice utilizations in baffle of penchant. If the participant had no penchant between the edifice uses at each rank the proportions chosen at each rank would be equal. To find if this is the exemplify Friedman trial was performed utilizing SPSS on the comely rank of each edifice usage, with the void surmisal being that the average ranks will be equal. rank and filesMean Rank commercial-grade3.37 sell2.51 waste1.54residential2.58 footrace Statistics aSample size of it106Chi-Square107.264df3Significance..000a. Friedman TestThe consequences of the Friedman trial show that there is a important difference ( p lt 0.001 ) between how the users be the different edifice utilizations. feature with post-hoc digest of the consequences it is rea slantic to pattern the acceptability edifice uses in the undermentioned order Leisure ( highest ranked ) , Retail A Residential ( equal ranked ) and commercialised ( Lowest graded ) . To make a sustainability index for the acceptableness of each edifice these rankings are mapped onto a 0-100 graduated table, with Leisure at 100 ( highest sustainability ) , Retail A Residential at 50 and Commercial ( lowest sustainability ) at 0.MULTICRITERIA OPINION outlineOne of the contrasts with traditional sustainability appraisal is poignant the positions and experiences of a broad scope of stakeholders ( ( Isaacs et al. 2010b ) , . many a(prenominal) of the traditional orders of aggregating index values, such as Multi Attribute receipts Theory ( MAUT ) , miss transparence go forthing the users in a place where they do non to the full look how the resulting weightings have been derived ( Dodgson et al. 2009 Paracchini et Al. 2008 ) . The analytic Network unconscious process ( ANP ) method uses synergistic wind vane constructions which give a more holistic representation of the overall dividing line ( Saaty 2006 ) . Components of the job are connected, as appropriate, in braces with direct lines imitating the influence of one constituent over another. The constituents in a web may besides be regarded as elements that interact and influence each other in respect to a specific property. ( Saaty 2006 ) .To move a ANP summary the determination maker must place the web through analysis of the job to be solved. The determination shaper must place the bunchs, elements and the relationship s and interactions between them ( Bottero et al. 2007 ) . Once the determination shaper has constructed the web to be analysed they must now make a super ground substance depicting the interactions defined in the theoretical account ( Gencer and Gurpinar 2007 ) . The supermatrix is created utilizing the cardinal graduated table and pair-wise method every interaction is described in footings of every subdivision it interacts with ( Saaty 1999 ) . Once this has been terminate the normalised eigenvector calculated from the matrix will give the determination shaper the normalised prioritised list of elements.ANP allows cross-cluster interactions every bit good as inter-relationships between elements.. It is structured of course and allows for a more realistic representation of the job, but its important strength lies in supplying the user with the ability to include their ain personal cognition and sentiments about an interaction through the usage of pair-wise comparings ( Saaty 2006 , Bottero et Al. 2007 ) .The prioritised list of elements which are derived from the ANP analysis are used in the 3D visual image to supply the user with a individual of sustainability index if required.Al-Kodmany, K. ( 2002 ) ocular image tools and methods in community planning from freehand studies to operable world. journal of be aftering Literature, 17 ( 2 ) , p. 189. procurable at hypertext beam communications communications communications communications communications protocol //jpl.sagepub.com/cgi/content/abstract/17/2/189.BIS ( 2009 ) Energy economic consumption in the UK. unattached at hypertext beam protocol //bis.ecgroup.net/Publications/EnergyClimateChangeDECC/EnergyStatistics.aspx.BRE ( 2009 ) subject area Calculation Method, visible(prenominal) at hypertext deportation protocol //www.ncm.bre.co.uk/ .Buchanan, C. ( 2006 ) Dundee rudimentary Waterfront Market estimate and Economic daze Assessment. , 1.CRTN ( 1988 ) Calculation of alley Traffic hoo-ha D epartment Of Transport, capital of the United Kingdom HMSO.Charters, S.M. , Knight, C. , Thomas, N. A Munro, M. ( 2002 ) Visual image for informed determination devising from codification to constituents. In ACM New York, NY, regular army, pp. 765-772.Clarke, K.C. ( 2001 ) Geting started with geographicalal information systems, apprentice Hall upper berth Saddle River, NJ.Danahy, J. , Spiller, R. A Verlag, W. ( 1999 ) visualisation Data Needs in urban environmental mean and Design. ornament Research. easy at hypertext exaltation protocol //citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/summary? inside=10.1.1.3.9259.Dodgson, J. , Spackman, M. , Pearman, A. A Phillips, L. ( 2009 ) Multi-criteria analysis a manual, capital of the United Kingdom Department for Communities and local anesthetic Government.Drummond, W. A French, S. ( 2008 ) The upcoming of GIS in provision Converging Technologies and move Interests. ledger of the American Planning Association, 74 ( 2 ) , pp. 161-174. acquirable at hypertext counterchange protocol //www.informaworld.com/openurl? music genre=article A inside=10.1080/01944360801982146 A magic=crossrefD404A21C5BB053405B1A640AFFD44AE3.Evans, F. , Volz, W. , Dorn, G. , Frohlich, B. A Roberts, D.M. ( 2002 ) Future trends in oil and gas visual image. In VIS 02 legal proceeding of the group on Visualization 02. Washington, DC, USA IEEE information processing system Society, pp. 567-570.Foxon, T. , McIlkenny, G. , Gilmour, D. , Oltean-Dumbrava, C. , Souter, N. , Ashley, R. , Butler, D. , Pearson, P. , Jowitt, P. A Moir, J. ( 2002 ) Sustainability standards for determination support in the UK H2O industry. Journal of milieual Planning and Management, 45 ( 2 ) , p. 285-301. on tap(predicate) at hypertext conduct protocol //www.ingentaconnect.com/content/routledg/cjep/2002/00000045/00000002/art00007.Fuchs, H. , Levoy, M. A Pizer, S.M. ( 1989 ) Interactive visual image of 3D medical informations. electronic computer, 22 ( 8 ) , pp. 46-51.Hagh-Shenas, H. , Kim, S. , Interrante, V. A Healey, C. ( 2007 ) Weaving versus blending a numeric appraisal of the information transporting capacities of two toss methods for conveying variable informations with colour. 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Proceedings IEEE realistic Reality ( Cat. none 99CB36316 ) ( Figure 1 ) , pp. 96-103. lendable at hypertext modify protocol //ieeexplore.ieee.org/lpdocs/epic03/wrapper.htm? arnumber=756939.Isaacs, J. , Blackwood, D. , Falconer, R. A Gilmour, D. ( 2007 ) The function of visual image in sound sustainability appraisal. In M. Horner, C. Hardcastle, A. Price, A J. Bebbington foreign congregation on unit of measurement Life Urban Sustainability and its Assessment. Glasgow Glasgow Caledonian university. for sale at hypertext polish off protocol //download.sue-mot.org/Conference-2007/Papers/Isaacs.pdf.Isaacs, J. , Falconer, R. , Gilmour, D. A Blackwood, D. ( 2010 ) Enhancing urban sustainability utilizing 3D visual image. Proceedings Of The Institution Of civilian Engineers, p. IN PRESS.Isaacs, J. , Falconer, R. , Gilmour, D. A Blackwood, D. ( 2010 ) Sustainable urban developments stakeholder battle through 3d visual image. 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( 2004 ) Question of a dynamic visual image during larning. Learning and Instruction, 14 ( 3 ) , pp. 257-274. Available at hypertext transfer protocol //linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S0959475204000313.Paracchini, M.L. , Pacini, C. , Calvo, S. A Vogt, J. ( 2008 ) Weighting and disposition of indexs for sustainability impact appraisal in the demodulator context. In Sustainability tint Assessment of region Use Changes. Berlin Springer, pp. 349-372.Parkin, S. , Sommer, F. A Uren, S. ( 2003 ) Sustainable development understanding the construct and practical challenge. technology Sustainability, 156 ( 1 ) , p. 19-26. Available at hypertext transfer protocol //www.atypon-link.com/telf/doi/abs/10.1680/ensu.156.1.19.37055.Salter, J.D. , Campbell, C. , Journeay, M. A Sheppard, S.R. ( 2009 ) The digital workshop researching the usage of synergistic and immersive visual image tools in participatory planning. Journal of environmental direction, 90 ( 6 ) , pp. 2090-101. 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Teacher Collaboration and Academic Achievement Research Paper

Teacher Collaboration and Academic Achievement - Research Paper ExampleThe upshot of PLCs could be traced to diametric scholars DuFour and Eacker, Joyce and Showers (2002), Lieberman (1999), and Senge, et.al. (2000), whose works focus on learnedness organizations, erudition communities, through methods, tools and structures that aim to improve schools in present-day(a) societies (PLCs Brief history, n.d.).The contentions of DuFour (1998) focus on identification of characteristics of PLCs, to wit 1) shared mission, vision, and values, 2) collective inquiry, 3) collaborative teams, 4) action orientation and experimentation, 5) continuous improvement, and a 6) results orientation (PLCs Brief history, n.d., 1). think research by Lieberman (1999) indicates, the fancy of professional community is one of the most powerful ideas affecting research and practice in staff development in the last decade. Lieberman relates to professional development communities in terms of networks (ibi d.)However, Rose (2008) clearly indicates that although there is widespread use of terms (professional learning communities or professional learning teams) and concepts, these mean different things to different audiences. There is no consistent definition (Rose, 2008, 11). This statement was validated in another research conducted by Kilpatrick, Barret and Jones (n.d.) who averred that the term learning communities as this statement is revealed, the occurrent literature review hereby sought to forgather definitions of PLC and determine.... (2000), whose works focus on learning organizations, learning communities, through methods, tools and structures that aim to improve schools in contemporary societies (PLCs Brief history, n.d.). The contentions of DuFour (1998) focus on identification of characteristics of PLCs, to wit 1) shared mission, vision, and values, 2) collective inquiry, 3) collaborative teams, 4) action orientation and experimentation, 5) continuous improvement, and a 6) results orientation (PLCs Brief history, n.d., 1). Related research by Lieberman (1999) indicates, the concept of professional community is one of the most powerful ideas affecting research and practice in staff development in the last decade. Lieberman relates to professional learning communities in terms of networks (ibid.) However, Rose (2008) clearly indicates that although there is widespread use of terms (professional learning communities or professional learning teams) and concepts, these mean different things to different audiences. There is no consistent definition (Rose, 2008, 11). This statement was validated in another research conducted by Kilpatrick, Barret and Jones (n.d.) who averred that the term learning communities is used variously within the literature, often without explicit definition (Kilpatrick, et.al, n.d, 3). Insofar as this statement is revealed, the current literature review hereby sought to gather definitions of PLC and determine any ambiguity in co ntent Reichstetter (2006) defines PLC as made up of team members who regularly collaborate toward continued improvement in group meeting learner needs through a shared curricular-focused vision. Richard DuFour

Pharmacy & Technology Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Pharmacy & Technology - Essay ExampleThe drugs allow us to live healthier and more(prenominal) productive lives. However, they can also have negative side-effects if they argon not taken correctly. Indeed, some drug regimes are very complex and can charter the consumption of as umteen as a dozen different pills several times a day. The level of complexity is so high that many people need professional advice. This is where pill pushers come into the picture. These people study many years and must be very clever to reach the position they are in. However, there is another essential element that pharmacists must possess intuition. Intuition is a fundamentally human trait. It allows people to make assumptions and come up with ideas that go outside of the box. It allows a pharmacist to suspect that someone may be faking an illness in order to score free drugs. It also allows a pharmacist to anticipate a problem a patient may have with the drug regime they are on. In other words, dispe nsing drugs is not something a auto can do.In todays world technology has made so many things more easily. In car factories, robots assemble large portions of each car and they do it very well. In marking plenteousnesss, machines take our money and dispense tickets and let us in and out of the parking lot. All of these things provide a lot of convenience in our every day lives. Of course, we always want to make our lives more and more convenient. That said, there must be a limit. Should we replace our train bus drivers with robots? Most people would disagree. Should we replace our doctors? No. The majority of people believe that there are some services and functions in our society that should be performed by people because only a person has the intuition and judgement to deal with complex and human situations. Does that mean that a human doctor or pharmacist will always get it right? No, but they will be better equipped to deal with such

Civil Engineering Contracts Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Civil Engineering Contracts - Essay ExampleThis paper examines the constitutional differences that exist in the approaches that these two types of contracts that seduce the capability of attracting disputes.Under clause 2.1 of the FIDIC contracts, a asserter has the right of accessing the site for purposes of finding any useful training that can be used for purposes of executing the contract (Robinson, 2013). Furthermore, this clause de nones that the contractor has the power and the capability of taking possession of the site, for purposes of executing the provisions of the contract (Forward, 2003). However, the contractor can only access the site, after getting a letter of acceptance from the employer, and this is in accordance to clause 8.2 of the FIDIC contracts. The right of accessing the site is very mandatory to the contractor, basically because he is in charge of the security of his workers, while undertaking their duties. This is the major reason why a contractor has to undertake the ground inspections, and secure the nature of the ground before commencing work (Forward, 2003).This is the reason why some employer may be reluctant to employ a contractor who does not have insurance that covers his workers. The responsibility of the contractor, in regards to the security of his workers is found in clause 4.1 which denotes that it is the responsibility of a contractor to ensure the safety of all operations at the site (Rowlinson, 2011). This is an indication that the safety of his workers are in his hands, hence an employer ha s given him the work, therefore the contractor has the duty of seeking any information, that is not available from the ground site (Bunni & Bunni, 2005). This is for purposes of planning how he would undertake his work, in a secure method. Clause 4.10 of the FIDIC red-book mandates an employer to provide any information concerning the site

University of Cape Town MBA Application Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

University of Cape Town MBA Application - Essay ExampleThis essay is aimed to provide an application paper to the Masters of Business Administration school in Cape Town. The researcher states that, first of all, mavin requires several types of preparation before entering a program of such demanding nature. This partly refers to the academic and skill-related preparation, which is required in order to facilitate the learning process that is involved in the Masters of Business Administration program. However, it also refers to the mental preparation and the background research that one needs to do before embarking on such an intense journey. The researcher endeavored to prepare himself in each of these aspects before entering the program. The researcher believes that his Mathematics refresher course at Kaplan has contributed to his academic and skill-related preparation, as has his Masters of Business Administration preparation course for universities. Apart from this, the researcher also consulted several professionals in this field of operations for advice as well as mental preparation about what to expect from this program. This advice was especially useful coming from some of the UCT the Masters of Business Administration alumni whom he spoke too. Each of them had several tips and advice to share with the researcher, and they assured him of the rewarding experience that it was, mainly due to its challenging nature. After this thorough preparation in both(prenominal) mental and skill-related aspects, the researcher feels equipped to embark on this journey and look forward to the experience.

Love. How to start an Business in USA Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Love. How to start an Business in USA - Essay ExampleThis paper allow demonstrate how to start a business in Chicago, Illinois and also acts as a basic guideline for an individual who has yet to go through an substantial implementation process. This paper is based on the research carried out to reveal the steps which are necessary to be taken when starting a sell pharmacy business in Chicago.The importance of intellectual property (IP) should be recognized thoroughly by a start-up business owner. IP is actually a legal concept and is sadly, poorly misunderstood by many people who wish to start their own businesses and think that this concept smoke only be appropriately applied by those people who are legal experts. Every enterprise, company or business organization should pay attention to IP. IP can help the owners at every stage of business development from product development to product design, from service delivery to marketing, and from raising financial resources to exportin g or expanding your business abroad (World Intellectual Property Organization, n.d.). in order to maximize the benefits, business owners should know how to use the IP system. It is worth mentioning that in case IP being used belongs to others, then rights have to be acquired to use it by obtaining a license so that forthcoming disputes and litigation could be avoided by the savant individuals intent on establishing personal businesses. IP is also important to a business because it helps in copyright protection and get fair economic awards on grounds of a businesss individual creativity and product sales.Retail pharmacy is recognized as one of the mainstream profitable businesses in ideal USA. But, area requirements should be deeply understood and assessed before implementing and operating any business concept, According to Woodfield (2012), State of Illinois Business Portal suggests that before

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Socail Media and the Digital Trends - Chanel - Essay ExampleThe advert was effective. The marketers developed a unique product that upholds the quality standards of the troupe. Additionally, they usance an equally unique yet effective marketing strategy. Social media enables the marketers to interact with their target audiences and share videos among other material that would enhance the profitability of the brand. Facebook provided the marketers with the interactivity that helps in the sale of the products besides the avenue to carry out market researches thereby understanding the patterns of demands. The information in the resource promises to influence retail of the products in future since the company will evaluate the success of such targeted sales thereby develop and position successive products on social media among other appropriate types of media. The success or failure of the event influences the profitability of the company thereby marking to change the companys marketin g strategies in the

Creating and Sustaining Brand Equity for LOreal Assignment

Creating and Sustaining Brand Equity for LO square - Assignment ExampleModels like Porters Five Forces have been apply to match the practical aspects with theoretical ones, along with recommendations on a feasible course of action for the company to embrace success in the future. The environment skirt a business comprises of both micro and macro forces that shape up the strategy of the business and also test the viability of the developed strategy in real time. For LOreal, the market has been a mix of favorable and unfavorable forces where the genius of LOreal through its two success recipes- diversification and innovation, changed the tides. The cosmetics industry has been very confused yet open to new offerings and product innovations, keeping in mind the needs of varied consumer groups. Demographically, LOreal was presented with a host of opportunities to come up with mixed products with different ethnic and cultural shades. Cosmetics is an industry which is not limited to just creams. It extends way beyond face products and involves hair and skin care and beauty products. A player who was able to operate through these lines of product width was the one who could sustain itself in the booming cosmetic and beauty product market, which was done rattling well by LOreal. The entire industry, as obvious in the case, is in its growth stage with multiple players entering the battleground. LOreal had been able to honorable its pole position till now because of new product propositions every year to sustain the wave of innovation and tight control over its practicable costs. Yet, the following points emerge out of the industry analysis of cosmetics.

Inspection of Canoe Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words - 3

Inspection of Canoe - Assignment ExampleMy inspection of the dry storage unit of measurement seemed more gratifying as everything was in order and followed the county ordinance rules. When I made to leave after spending approximately four hours I find that the food that had been taken out to defrost four hours earlier still stood in the kitchen which was again a violation of the county ordinance which states that frozen food screw be thawed for up to two hours only.However, as you know, it has only been one week since we hired the new manager at Canoe and since he is not a local here, he is not entirely familiar with the Los Angeles Countys Restaurant Grading Ordinance. According to what I have observed, he has made the trump out efforts to keep things under proper hygienic and sanitary conditions to the best of his knowledge with the use of common sense. Given a few more days, he would locomote accustomed to the local rules and regulations. I checked his resume to see that he h as got an excellent track record at his previous employment. I feel slightly confident in assuring you that he will get things back on track within a few days as concisely as he gets his bearings and becomes familiar with the Los Angeles County Ordinance.From my inspection of Canoe, I have concluded that the new management is facing the problem of ignorance and lack of knowledge. The new manager is not familiar with the proper protocols and codes of conduct. He is not entirely familiar with the county ordinance. I recommend that he be immediately brought up-to-date on the local rules and regulations and be provided with a copy of the Los Angeles County Ordinance.I also recommend that he should be provided with a local assistant who is familiar with the Los Angeles County Ordinance who can help him influence through his initial days at the job and ensure that the ordinance is being followed.

Management Business Questions Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Management Business Questions - Essay ExampleReorganization of a company is a sensitive step and the jitney needs to have ultimate interpersonal skills in dealing with severance packages and reassigning works.The manager should be well prepared over the concept of reorganisation and should be in a position to handle any type of questions posed by the employees related to the decision. The manager should be able to communicate the conditions and issues surrounding reorganization in an opinionive manner. Reorganization is not an easy thing to do and it will affect the employees and their families to a great extent and by commuting the problems and concerns effectively, the hale process of reassigning and offering of severance packages can be carried on smoothly.As a first step towards reassigning and layoff, the manager should call for individual meetings with the concerned employees. The alter in title, department and work nature needs to be explained to them in an elaborate mann er. Make the employee aware about the new reporting line, relocation, lessening of work hours and other issues that would affect their present status in the company. Situations like this demand excellent interpersonal skills which includes better management, organizing and communication skills.Hawthorne Studies is a way to improve productiveness levels of an employee by creating a psychological belief that they are more important to the organization. It is a form of positive management tool that increases work performance of an employee by letting the person think that they are world singled out and are important to the organization. Employees always like getting the attention of the employer and they like the feeling of being important.The manager can accomplish the Hawthorne Studies by offering praise and expressing appreciation for the hard work put in by the employee. The key for effective Hawthorne effect accomplishment is to be aware about the circumstances when the producti vity levels go up and when it comes

Unemployment Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Unemployment - Essay ExampleThe premise of a government-imposed token(prenominal) wage is that the common good has been served by the law the government has served its purpose. Some, such as umpteen business owners, disagree. They claim that the extra costs force them to raise prices (inflation) and lay-off workers (unemployment). There is ample evidence that supports both the pro and con positions on the subject. Economists are step by step coming to the conclusion, though, that the minimum wage law does cause inflation or unemployment, the latter of which this paper will further examine.As a result of the minimum wage law, some employers do, in fact pay out more to their employees on the front-end but evidence indicates the increased expenditures to businesses are usually offset by associated benefits. For example, employees who earn a salary which allows their families to make ends meet are less likely to secure other employment. This reduces the employers employee turnover rate thus cut down additional recruitment and training costs (Holmes & Zellner, 2004, pp. 76-77). It also results in a reduction of absenteeism while raising morale thus employee productivity. The opponents disceptation that the law puts a financial burden on them causing the lay-off of workers is weak at best. According to Alan Blinder, former Federal Reserve vice chairman, The evidence appears to be against the simple-minded theory that a modest increase in the minimum wage causes substantial job loss (Chipman, 2006). A 1998 study conducted by the economical Policy Institute found no loss of employment in connection with the minimum wage increase in 1996-97. Furthermore, subsequent to that increase, the low-end labor commercialise experienced lower poverty rates, an increase in family income and lower levels of unemployment (Bernstein & Schmitt, 1998).Many leading economists support the minimum

Word Handycap Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Word Handycap - Essay ExampleEveryone is personally challenged - some to a small extend, some others to a larger extend.When a person is unable to do the frequent duties and routines with respect to his age, sex etc he is considered to be in the awkward condition of wound. That is, he has demarcation line in performing an activity or function. In other legers, there is mental or physical disability. One kind of disability will topic in multiple disablements. Physical dependence and immobility will mean that the person is handicapped.The word is actually refers to a relation or comparison. The so called handicapped person will have no problem in working as a telephone operator. But he may find impediment if his job involves traveling in public transport. He will experience a handicap in the second case but not in the first. It is not that no handicapped can do normal work. They may not be able to do as fast as the normal person but still they can do useful productive work. For example, they can work on the computer as efficiently or flush more than a normal person. They can teach or do running commentary much better than a putting green person.Handicap heart restriction of activity. It amounts to limitation in participation. As already said the word handicap is not an absolute concept, but a related one. It is linked to the on-line(prenominal) condition of the individual, that is to say, the reality in which he is placed.Initially the Initially the word was meant only for crippled children. Later it included adults and mentally retarded as well(p). The word has nothing to do with cap in hand. In the past it referred to beggars. There was a time when the handicapped were looked down with hate and disgust. The current society consider the common person as able, whereas the change as one with shortcomings. Handicapped is seen as negative offence. The term disabled seemed to be better and more neutral than negative. The people with mental and physical d isabilities prefer the term disabled than being characterized as handicapped. Handicapped is mild in comparison with disabled which is somewhat a blunt term. There are misconceptions that disabled and handicapped are one and the same. Strictly speaking, they are not. Disability is the functional limitation due to illness or injury. The handicapped are not worthy for activities involving mobility or sports and game, but there are trades where they can even out beat the normal persons. However, those having problem in seeing, hearing and talking would do well to avoid the type of duties where these actions are important. It is heartening to note disability has been replaced by activity and handicap by participation. This is indeed a positive transformation in the outlook of the society. It must be understood that the gifts gained from Justice are far valuable than those received from Charity. Do not allow the people to pity the handicapped. sort of they must build up awareness, conf idence and ability in them. They should be able to develop self control and independent living in them. In other words they must be brought on par with others of the society. That should be their objective. The word originated from a lottery game of 1600s.The players would put money in a cap, the ownership of which would be based on the result of the game. Gradually the game was called hand-in-cap and finally it reduced to handicap. As time passed, the word found place in the

Religious Teachings and Business Ethics Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3000 words

Religious Teachings and Business Ethics - Essay ExampleThe Utilitarian approach holds to the idea that societies should strive for the best for the closely people. Jeremy Bentham eighteenth-century philosopher wrote, The great happiness of the greatest number is the foundation of morals and legislation (Fisher & Lovell 2003, p. 95). The writer/philosopher John Stuart Mills also wrote extensively on Utilitarianism (Daft 2005). soulfulnessism is viewed as the essentially opposite of Utilitarianism. The Individual approach maintains that right moral choices lead to what is in the best long-term interest of the individual. German economist and sociologist Max Webers influential essays on capitalism punctuate individual efforts and the accumulation of personal wealth (The Free Encyclopaedia 2007). The Moral Right approach values fundamental human rights and identifies six moral subcategories disengage consent, right to privacy, right to freedom, of conscious, right to free speech, ri ght to due process and the right to life and safety (Daft 2005). Finally, the Justice approach promotes the idea of moral ratiocination making and is establish on standards of equity, fairness, and impartiality. Daft identifies three distinct forms of justice(2007). Distributive justice governs the right of people to be treated fairly without discrimination based on arbitrary characteristics. Procedural justice proscribes that rules should be applied consistently and compensatory justice argues that people should be compensated for injury and loss (Daft 2007). Certainly, all quaternary of these perspectives can be identified in most major world pietys. In order to set a proper stage for the discussion of religion and its place in business ethics, it is important to provide an overview of the historical influences on the matter. One of the first moral codes to impact mankind stemmed from the religious familiarity of Judaism. In the books of the Bible, there are plentiful referenc es as to how the faithful should conduct themselves in relation to their neighbors, family, and friends. The figures in the Old and New Testaments of Bible Solomon, David, Moses, and Jesus of Nazareth were most certainly well known for their ethical teachings. Important philosophers and ethical teachers can be identified throughout human history.

An Evaluation of the Economy of the United Kingdom Based On the Dissertation

An Evaluation of the Economy of the United Kingdom Based On the Consequences ofthe Credit Crunch - Dissertation ExampleIn the summer of 2011, the financial crisis that shake the global economy knocked the doors by jolting the economy of the United States and other European Nations (Oxlade (2011). The global markets were miffed by the possibility of another financial mouse and probably another recession to deal with (Franklin, Douglas, 2007). The query highlights the current credit philander scenario prevailing in the United Kingdom through a natural analysis of past and present literature along with understanding and analysing the key reasons behind the rise of recession in different parts of the world (Lowery (2011). The study collected from different sources and resources helped in developing aims and objectives of the research along with understanding the present financial crisis rising from the ashes of the past crisis that once thwarted the financial communicate and stabl isation in different parts of the world. The research methodology helped in analysing the primary and secondary data in an analytical manner through logical research methods, approaches and ideologies. Findings of the research were compared with the analysis of literature in order to identify a common trend or relationship in a logical manner. essential reasons behind the credit crunch have been highlighted well to support the proposed aims and objectives of the research. The research also discusses ethical issues and logical considerations that helped in presenting the research in an ethical and unspoiled manner. The conclusion part is based on the overall analysis of the data and information collected from different sources along with relating with the literature in a epoch-making manner TABLE OF CONTENTS Section 1.Introduction 1.1 Background of the Topic 6 1.2 Research Aim 7 1.3... The paper tells that the financial crisis of the 2007 strongly affected the economics of the gl obal world in a negative manner. The financial crisis of the 2007 often considered as one of the worst credit crunches after the Great Depression of the mid-thirties changed the financial structure and image of the global economy. It resulted in the collapse of few of the financial institutions across the globe with the likes of Lehman Brothers and Northern Rock falling prey to the financial turmoil. The securityout of banks by the governments across the globe did not revamp the financial health of the financial institutions and the whole world suffered with the loss of money, investments and jobs. The financial crisis was triggered by the liquidity crunch faced by the banks of the United States because of the housing bubble that raised issues and questions over the sub-prime crisis. Investors across the world were skeptical in terms of investing their money and banks were face credit crunch that blocked the equilibrium between the inflow and outflow of funds driven by the demand and supply of funds. A number of measures including governments initiatives to bail out financial institutions and improvement in the liquidity position of banks played an important role in stablising the credit crunch but the impact and determine was too hard that up to some extent changed the financial position of the global economy.

Controls Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Controls - Assignment ExampleThough, few last sets, that is, eleventh and twelveth box lessen its range.The appropriate action to be taken to enhance the control measures should focus on the third box. The third box is the one that has the highest dispersion from the normal weight and thus increase the cost of production. Control measures implemented by the firm should be revised and emphasis on the last box being packed. dickens actions cigarette be taken to keep in check the weight of the boxes. First action is to conduct a audit for the weighing equipment. The problem can be the programming set up of those equipment, which lose count on weight for the third box because it does not give-up the ghost the limit for the first and wink box. The next action is to change the packaging of the third box. The material used in manufacturing the box should be of relative low weight, so that the difference get out be filled by the cereal (product). The range difference is solely a failu re of the weighing equipment, because it is not reasonable for a calibrate equipment to exceed the range of product weight in a given set, for instance, a range of 0.2 ounces exceeds the upper limit by 100%. Therefore, my piece of advice to the Operations four-in-hand is to contact technician to either calibrate the weighing equipment or to purchase another weighing equipment if the current one has become obsolete or

Morality Play Essay Example for Free

Morality Play Essay* Popular from the early 1400s to the 1580s. * Morality plays were about the fate of a single individuals soul. * The main quotation represented all men and often had a name such as Mankind or Everyman to demonstrate their allegorical function. * They include vice and lure characters attempt to corrupt the Everyman figure. * Allegorical characters also represent virtues. The Everyman character listens to them and takes note of warnings, often returning briefly to his good lifestyle.* A reform/relapse figure is repeated several times. * Through a series of blunders and moral lessons the hero is gradually educated into an understanding of the difference between right and wrong and the temperament of god. * At the end, the main character settles his accounts with God and either lives or dies forgiven and Christian. He is wiser and better at the end of the play. * A chorus, such as the Messenger and situate characters in Everyman, is used to comment on and ex plain the action for the audience. Elements of spiritual rebirth plays.* Contain soliloquies in which a highly distinct self reflects upon his own desires and actions. * watch the scope of human powers while acknowledging their boundaries there is a duality at work which praises mans creative powers (by implication also those of the poet, or author) moreover concedes that man is not God and that ultimately all his powers derive from God. * They begin to refer to the new countries and things being discovered by explorers, mentioning exotic settings and transporting their audiences around the human being.Renaissance ideas * The body and soul are separate and linked with different elements and humours. * Catholicism was banned in England and the Pope was considered the antichrist by some. * Renaissance scholars studied classical literature, including roman letters and Greek philosophy. Discussion of what it meant to be human centred on reason, balance and dignity much more indivi dualistic than medieval scholastic thinking.* The humanist attitude to the world was anthropocentric instead of regarding humanity as fallen and corrupt, their idea of truth and excellence was based on human values and experience people openly questioned religious theology and teaching. * The world was dynamic, changing and exciting. Plays explored the many contrasts between how people should behave and how they actually do, and the questions and contradictions thrown up by a changing world.

Literacy Survey of Bangladesh 2010 Essay Example for Free

Literacy mint of Bangladesh 2010 EssayIndicator 1. Literacy Situation subject 5 eld and over throne preserve a earn for communication (Lite judge) 7 geezerhood and over Can write a letter for communication (Literate) Rural 5 long time and over Can write a letter for communication (Literate) 7 years and over Can write a letter for communication (Literate) Urban 5 years and over Can write a letter for communication (Literate) 7 years and over Can write a letter for communication (Literate) 2. Literacy rate by Age concourse 05-09 10-14 15-19 20-24 15-24 25+ 15+ 15-24 3. Highest grade passed (5 years and over) score No pedagogy ix one hundred. 00 38. 22 ampere-second. 00 35. 88 coulomb. 00 40. 62 16. 43 67. 38 82. 17 75. 09 78. 63 52. 75 59. 82 78. 58 15. 78 64. 51 80. 57 76. 77 78. 67 58. 47 63. 89 78. 81 17. 10 70. 57 83. 98 73. 73 78. 86 46. 84 55. 71 78. 36 68. 40 70. 84 65. 95 65. 83 68. 09 63. 54 54. 19 56. 90 51. 39 51. 81 54. 39 49. 16 57. 53 60. 15 54. 84 55. 08 57. 56 52. 54 two sex activity (%) manly (%) distaff (%) The Bangladesh Literacy Survey, 2010 Indicator segmentation I-V Class VI-VIII Class IX-X SSC/ kindred HSC/equivalent Degree/equivalent Masters/equivalent Engineering/Medical Technical/vocational* Others 4.Training Received by vitrine of Training Technical/Vocational* Catering assist Garments/Tailoring Foreign Langu mount In-service study Nursing Youth education training Other training 5. 6. manipulation of mesh croak Facility (15 years and over) Used internet Mode of Using Internet Cell phone Computer Both 7. Use of Internet by Level of Education (5 years and over) Total Class I-V Class VI-VIII Class IX-X viii 1. 12 0. 00 0. 48 3. 60 1. 49 0. 00 0. 54 4. 25 0. 74 0. 00 0. 43 2. 95 63. 80 33. 19 2. 98 63. 90 33. 30 2. 80 63. 68 32. 95 3. 37 1. 49 2. 00 0.97 1. 38 0. 14 0. 70 0. 07 1. 26 0. 05 0. 34 1. 10 1. 92 0. 19 0. 74 0. 10 2. 05 0. 03 0. 53 1. 64 0. 84 0. 09 0. 66 0. 04 0. 46 0. 06 0. 14 0. 56 Both sex (%) 29. 56 13. 29 8. 05 5. 21 3. 08 1. 55 0. 85 0. 11 0. 08 0. 01 Male (%) 29. 80 12. 96 7. 97 5. 86 3. 81 2. 17 1. 24 0. 17 0. 12 0. 02 womanish (%) 28. 30 13. 63 8. 12 4. 54 2. 34 0. 92 0. 45 0. 05 0. 04 0. 01 The Bangladesh Literacy Survey, 2010 Indicator SSC/equivalent HSC/equivalent Degree/equivalent Masters/equivalent Engineering/Medical Technical/vocational* Others Both gender (%) 3.65 5. 95 13. 21 17. 76 27. 35 8. 00 4. 28 Male (%) 4. 27 6. 74 13. 47 18. 19 27. 20 8. 05 6. 36 Fe virile (%) 2. 83 4. 62 12. 59 16. 57 27. 96 7. 84 0. 00 Indicator communicate 8. Use of Electronic Media by the Population for Education Purpose (%) some(prenominal) quantify in ending 3 months Several generation in a month Several time in a calendar week Daily No backcloth Male idiot box receiving set Female Television 21. 94 6. 76 3. 06 2. 82 13. 60 22. 95 14. 24 10. 91 13. 87 9. 43 20. 46 5. 73 2. 67 2. 45 14. 17 21. 90 12. 08 9. 09 13.01 10. 70 Indicator Library Book pass News stand Comm . centre 9. Visit to Public Places for Attaining Literacy Skill Several measure in last 3 months Several times in a month Several times in a week Daily No scope 3. 04 0. 99 0. 41 0. 45 8. 26 10. 58 2. 73 0. 43 0. 27 6. 52 1. 72 0. 57 0. 26 0. 32 8. 00 0. 78 0. 18 0. 09 0. 36 9. 55 notes *= Technical/Vocational=Computer training, Motor driving/Motor mechanic, Welding, Electrical, etc, ix Acronyms BBS UNESCO UN UNV LFS ICT PSU UNDP UNICEF HHBangladesh Bureau of Statistics United Nation Educational scientific and Cultural Organization United Nations United Nations Volunteerism work Force Survey Information and Communication Technology Primary Sampling Unit United Nations training Programme United Nations Children Emergency Fund House Hold xii The Bangladesh Literacy Survey, 2010 Section I Introduction and Overview 1. 0 Background Information pertaining to literacy is an important affable indicator having direct bearing on unalike socio-economic factors, including employment.The B angladesh Bureau of Statistics (BBS) has included a very detailed literacy module in the 2010 Labour Force Survey (LFS). The items that have been included in the literacy module are ability to write a letter, highest class passed, current enrolment in the educational institutions, skill development training, use of literacy skill in every day life, viewing of education-related programmes in electronic media much(prenominal) as radio and boob tube, attending trusts having connection with educational progression much(prenominal) as library, book- croak, news-stand, community-based educational centre, etc., and use of latest Information and Communication Technology (ICT) such as internet for educational purposes. It may be mentioned that all the tables of the current report are weighted, based on 2010 Labour Force Survey. In Bangladesh, literacy rates available from different cogitations and studies are significantly different. This is in the main due to the fact that the defini tion of a literate person is not uniform and standardized, and most of the surveys and studies are not based on competency test. In the present survey, literacy is defined by the ability of writing a simple letter for communication.The surveys and studies generally record the respondents statement relating exclusively to his/her literacy status. However, comprehensive, legitimate and timely data on literacy rate is important for formulating policies and improving the state of literacy level in the country. Statistical data on literacy rate is important for twain(prenominal) government and other stakeholders. With this objective in mind, the UNESCO planned to carry out a household-based survey on literacy rate in collaboration with the BBS. 1 The Bangladesh Literacy Survey, 2010 1. 1 Objectives of the SurveyThe objectives of the survey were as follows 1. To develop and adopt a methodology for providing regular quality data on the access and use of literate surround by individuals including adults and youth in Bangladesh. 2. To obtain regular quality data on the access of literacy program and usage of literacy skills in Bangladesh. 3. To build national capacities in monitoring the literacy program and measurement of individual access and use of literacy skills and literate environment. 1. 2 Scope of the Survey It is a nationwide household based survey. The undefiled country is the domain of the survey.The survey covered all persons who have attained the age of 5 years and above. However, people in special dwellings such as patients in hospitals, inmates in prisons, inmates in homes for special care (e. g. disabled, senior), boarders in boarding schools were not under the purview of this survey. This survey will produce national project by urban and rural. 1. 3 Sampling Design for the Survey The questionnaire of the household based literacy was part of the 2010 Labour Force Survey (LFS) questionnaire as a dispel module, and this questionnaire was applied in the same PSU (Primary Sampling Unit) and in the same sample households.Therefore, it was not required to develop a separate and independent sampling intention for this survey. A total of 43,945 households were covered of which 34,620 households were from rural areas and 9,325 households were from urban areas. The division wise allocation of the sample PSUs and households are as follows 2 The Bangladesh Literacy Survey, 2010 put over 1 dissemination of PSUs by Divisions Divisions Rural Dhaka Chittagong Rajshahi Khulna Barisal Sylhet TOTAL 244 183 268 168 156 156 1175 Number of PSU Urban 126 63 46 42 26 22 325 Total 370 246 314 210 182 178 1500.Table 2 dispersion of Sampled Households by Divisions Divisions Rural Dhaka Chittagong Rajshahi Khulna Barisal Sylhet TOTAL 6829 5372 8277 5031 4361 4750 34,620 Number of Sampled Households Urban 3738 1785 1338 1111 690 663 9,325 Total 10567 7157 9615 6142 5051 5413 43,945 1. 4 Limitations of the survey The literacy survey 2010 is not a standalone survey, rather it is a modular survey. The information collected under the survey is based on the responses received from the respondents where no practical tests was administered. Therefore, there is a find for an upward bias.The Bangladesh Literacy Survey, 2010 The survey was conducted with the Labour Force Survey (LFS) and the main focus was on labour force characteristics such as employment, underemployment, occupation, industry etc. This provided an opportunity to collect data on literacy. Therefore, there might be underreporting of some questions. Special training is required for this special type of survey, but it was not done and the training was given simultaneously with LFS which may have some negative impact about the quality of the data. 4 The Bangladesh Literacy Survey, 2010 Section II Population Characteristics 2.0 Population Characteristics Before discussing the education related information from the 2010 LFS, let us exercise the characteristics of the sur vey population in terms of their age-gender distribution and marital status. 2. 1 Age Gender statistical distribution Age-gender distribution of the population has been presented in Table-3. The highest proportion of population is in the age group 10-14 years, and the corresponding pct is 12. 48 at the national level for both gender, followed by age group 0-4 (12. 22%) and 5-9 (11. 75%). These three groups constitute around 36. 5 % of the total population. Males constitute 37.0% and female persons 36. 0%. There endure urban-rural variations in the age-gender distribution of the population. In the rural areas, the percentage of population for both gender of these three age groups was 37. 5% compared to 33. 0% for the urban areas. This may be explained by the higher fertility in rural than urban areas. Similar differences are also seen by gender. As regards population 70 years and over, the percentage is 2. 7% in rural areas and 2. 1% in urban areas. 5 The Bangladesh Literacy Survey, 2010 Table 3 percentageage distribution of population by age, gender and go under of residence, 2010 National Both gender 100.00 12. 22 11. 75 12. 48 8. 58 8. 80 8. 46 6. 83 6. 99 5. 55 4. 98 3. 69 2. 93 2. 45 1. 73 2. 56 87. 78 Both gender 100. 00 12. 65 12. 09 12. 77 8. 45 8. 45 8. 07 6. 60 6. 79 5. 45 4. 96 3. 68 2. 97 2. 56 1. 82 2. 71 67. 28 Rural Both gender 100. 00 10. 79 10. 64 11. 52 9. 04 9. 98 9. 77 7. 61 7. 66 5. 88 5. 02 3. 72 2. 80 2. 09 1. 44 2. 06 20. 50 Urban Male 100. 00 10. 83 10. 64 11. 68 8. 74 8. 52 8. 90 7. 58 7. 71 6. 16 5. 51 4. 33 3. 23 2. 28 1. 56 2. 35 10. 30 Female 100. 00 10. 75 10. 64 11. 36 9. 34 11. 46 10. 66 7. 63 7. 60 5. 61 4. 52 3. 10 2. 37 1. 89 1. 31 1.75 10. 20 Age group Total 00-04 05-09 10-14 15-19 20-24 25-29 30-34 35-39 40-44 45-49 50-54 55-59 60-64 65-69 70+ 5+ Male 100. 00 12. 26 11. 70 12. 97 9. 03 7. 75 7. 67 6. 36 6. 87 5. 64 5. 28 3. 97 3. 15 2. 62 1. 88 2. 85 44. 46 Female 100. 00 12. 18 11. 81 11. 98 8. 12 9. 88 9. 27 7. 32 7. 1 2 5. 46 4. 66 3. 39 2. 71 2. 27 1. 58 2. 26 43. 33 Male 100. 00 12. 68 12. 02 13. 35 9. 12 7. 53 7. 30 6. 00 6. 63 5. 48 5. 21 3. 87 3. 12 2. 72 1. 97 3. 00 34. 16 Female 100. 00 12. 61 12. 16 12. 17 7. 76 9. 41 8. 85 7. 22 6. 97 5. 41 4. 71 3. 48 2. 81 2. 39 1. 66 2. 41 33. 13 2.2 matrimonial spatial relation The marital status of population 10 years and over by gender and dimension of residence is presented in Table-4 and Figure-1. Around 60% males and 66% females time-worn 10 years and over are married. The percentage of unmarried is 39. 29% for males compared to 25. 61% for females. The percentage of widowed /widower was 1. 05% for males compared to 8. 52% for females. There survive some differences in urban and rural areas with respect to marital status. In the urban areas, 33. 34% males aged 10 years and over are unmarried compared to 39. 92% in the rural areas. As regards females, 27.70% are unmarried in urban areas compared to 24. 95% in the rural areas. The percentage of widowed was 1. 06% for rural males compared to 1. 01% for urban males. For the females, the percentage of widowed was 8. 81% in the rural areas compared to 7. 59% in the urban areas. 6 The Bangladesh Literacy Survey, 2010 Table 4 persona distribution of population 10 years and over by marital status, gender and give of residence, 2010 National Marital status Both gender Male Female Both gender Rural Male Female Both gender Urban Male Female Total never married Married leave behind 100. 00 32. 54 62. 73 4. 73 100. 00 39. 29 59.66 1. 05 100. 00 25. 61 65. 87 8. 52 100. 00 32. 29 62. 84 4. 87 100. 00 39. 41 59. 54 1. 06 100. 00 24. 95 66. 24 8. 81 100. 00 33. 34 62. 38 4. 28 100. 00 38. 92 60. 07 1. 01 100. 00 27. 70 64. 70 7. 59 Figure 1 Percentage distribution of population aged 10 years and over by marital status, 2010 Never married 33% Married 62% Widowed 5% 7 The Bangladesh Literacy Survey, 2010 8 The Bangladesh Literacy Survey, 2010 Section III Literacy and Training 3. 0 Li teracy and Training This partitioning deals with the literacy level of population aged 5 and 7 years and over and the training received by the population 15 years and over.Literacy by age and place of residence, level of education by gender and place of residence are also discussed in this section. 3. 1 Literacy Situation Literacy level of population aged 5 years and over is given in Table 5 and Figure 2. At the national level, 55. 08% are literate for both gender, and the percentages for males and females are 57. 56% and 52. 54% respectively. Table 5 Literacy rate of population aged 5 and 7 years and over by gender, 2010 National Type of literacy 5 years and over Both gender Total Can write a letter for communication (Literate) Cant write a letter for communication (Illiterate) 100.00 55. 08 Male 100. 00 57. 56 Female 100. 00 52. 54 7 years and over Both gender 100. 00 57. 53 Male 100. 00 60. 15 Female 100. 00 54. 84 44. 92 42. 44 47. 46 42. 47 39. 85 45. 16 9 The Bangladesh Liter acy Survey, 2010 Figure 2 Literacy rate of population aged 7 years and over by gender, 2010 Female Male Both gender 0 20 54. 84 60. 15 57. 53 40 60 45. 16 39. 85 42. 47 80 100 Literate Illiterate The literacy rate of population aged 7 years and over is slightly higher, 57. 53% are literate at the national level, and the corresponding rates for males and females are 60. 15% and 54. 84% respectively. 3.2 Literacy level by place of residence There exist variations in the literacy rate by rural-urban residence. The literacy rate for population 5 years and over by both gender was 51. 81% in the rural areas compared to 65. 83% in the urban areas. The corresponding figures for males and females were 54. 39% and 49. 16% in the rural areas compared to 68. 9% and 63. 54% in the urban areas. As regards literacy rate for population 7 years and over, literacy rate for both gender in the rural areas was 54. 19% compared to 68. 40% in the urban areas and male and female literacy rates in the rural areas were 56. 90% and 51.39% respectively compared to 70. 84% and 65. 95% for urban areas. 10 The Bangladesh Literacy Survey, 2010 Table 6 Literacy rate of population 5 years and over and 7 years and over by gender and place of residence, 2010 5 years and over Status of literacy Rural Total Can write a letter for communication (Literate) Cant write a letter for communication (Illiterate) Urban Total Can write a letter for communication (Literate) Cant write a letter for communication (Illiterate) 100. 00 65. 83 34. 17 100. 00 68. 09 31. 91 100. 00 63. 54 36. 46 100. 00 68. 40 31. 60 100. 00 70. 84 29. 16 100. 00 65. 95 34. 05 100. 00 51. 81 48.19 100. 00 54. 39 45. 61 100. 00 49. 16 50. 84 100. 00 54. 19 45. 81 100. 00 56. 90 43. 10 100. 00 51. 39 48. 61 Both gender Male Female 7 years and over Both gender Male Female 3. 3 Literacy by Age Group Table 7 Literacy (persons who can write a letter) rate of population by gender and age group, 2010 Both gender Age group 05-09 10-14 15-19 20-24 25+ 15+ 15-24 Can write a letter 16. 43 67. 38 82. 17 75. 09 52. 75 59. 82 78. 58 gear write a letter 83. 57 32. 62 17. 83 24. 91 47. 25 40. 18 21. 42 Total 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 Can write a letter 15. 78 64. 51 80. 57 76. 77 58. 47 63. 89 78. 81 Male Cant write a letter 84.22 35. 49 19. 43 23. 23 41. 53 36. 11 21. 18 Total 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 Can write a letter 17. 10 70. 57 83. 98 73. 73 46. 84 55. 71 78. 36 Female Cant write a letter 82. 90 29. 43 16. 02 26. 27 53. 16 44. 29 21. 64 Total 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 11 The Bangladesh Literacy Survey, 2010 Literacy rate by age group has been presented in Table-7 and Figure 3. The age groups that have been considered are 5-9, 10-14, 15-19, 20-24, 25+, 15+ and 15-24. The literacy rate increases with the age group up to certain level, and thereafter, it declines. This indicates that the attainment of literacy is a recent phenomenon.Figure 3 Literacy rate of population by age group Can write a letter Cant write a letter 17. 83 100 32. 62 80 70 Percent 60 50 40 30 20 10 0 83. 57 82. 17 47. 25 40. 18 90 24. 91 67. 38 75. 09 5-9 16. 43 10-14 15-19 20-24 25+ 52. 75 15+ 59. 82 15-24 Age group Literacy rate for population aged 05-09 year is 16. 43% for the total population, which increases to 67. 38% for age group 10-14 year, 82. 17% for age group 15-19 year, thereafter, it declines to 78. 58% for 15-24 and 75. 09% for 20-24. The literacy rate for population 25 years and over is 52. 75% and 59. 82% for population aged 15 years and over.It is notable that the literacy rate in the age group 5-9, 10-14 and 15-19 is higher for females compared to males, whereas, for age group 15-24 and 20-24, male literacy rate is higher than that of females. The recent high enrolment of females at the primary and secondary levels has contributed to this higher literacy for females. The literacy rate for 25+ and 15+ population is higher among males than females. The corresponding figures for males are 58. 47% and 63. 84% and 46. 84% and 55. 71% for females respectively. 12 78. 58 21. 42 The Bangladesh Literacy Survey, 2010 3. 4 Training Received By Type of Training.Training received by population 15 years and over by type of training has been presented in Table- 8. Only 5. 0% of the population aged 15 years and over received some sort of training in their life. Such percentage was 7. 2% for males and 2. 8% for females.Table 8 Percentage distribution of population aged 15 years and over who received all training by gender and place of residence, 2010 Type of training received Total No Training Received Technical/Vocational* Catering Service Garments/Tailoring Foreign Language In-service training Nursing Youth development training Other training Bangladesh Both gender Male Female Both gender.Rural Male Female Both gender Urban Male Female 100. 00 95. 26 1. 32 0. 17 1. 33 0. 07 1. 00 0. 08 0. 19 0. 58 100. 00 100. 00 94. 96 1. 38 0. 14 0. 70 0. 07 1. 26 0. 05 0. 34 1. 10 92. 79 1. 92 0. 19 0. 74 0 . 10 2. 05 0. 03 0. 53 1. 64 100. 00 100. 00 100. 00 97. 16 0. 84 0. 09 0. 66 0. 04 0. 46 0. 06 0. 14 0. 56 96. 04 1. 02 0. 12 0. 51 0. 05 0. 86 0. 05 0. 33 1. 02 94. 33 1. 35 0. 17 0. 58 0. 08 1. 44 0. 04 0. 53 1. 47 100. 00 100. 00 100. 00 97. 77 0. 69 0. 07 0. 45 0. 02 0. 28 0. 05 0. 13 0. 55 91. 60 2. 52 0. 21 1. 29 0. 13 2. 49 0. 04 0. 35 1. 38 87. 95 3. 71 0. 26 1. 25 0. 18 3. 97 0. 00 0.51 2. 17 Notes Technical/Vocational=Computer training, Motor driving/Motor mechanic, Welding, Electrical, etc, There exist urban-rural variations among those who received training. In the rural areas, around 4. 0% received training for both gender compared to 8. 4% in urban areas.The percentage of male and female training recipients was 5. 7% and 2. 2% in rural areas compared to 12. 1% for males and 4. 7% for females in the urban areas. 13 The Bangladesh Literacy Survey, 2010 As regards type of training received, the highest was technical/vocational (1. 38%), followed by in-service training (1 .26%), garments/tailoring (0. 70%) and youth development training (0. 34%).This pattern is true among both males and females as well as in both urban and rural areas. 14 The Bangladesh Literacy Survey, 2010 Section IV Reading Habit and Practice 4. 0 Reading Habit and Practice This section deals with the breeding habits and practices by the population aged 5 years and over. The items that have been covered are different reading materials used, writing practice in the work of everyday usage, and viewing the electronic media (Radio and Television) for development of education skill.4. 1 Reading Habits by Type of Reading Materials The reading materials that have been included in this survey are road signs, call of stores, posters, pamphlets, newspapers, magazines, story and novels, manuals, reference books, bill/invoices and charts and maps. Reading habits by type of reading materials have been presented in Table-9. It is observed from the table that 25. 70% of the population aged 5 y ear and above read road-signs or names of stores some(prenominal)(prenominal)(prenominal)(prenominal) times in the last three months. Road-signs or names of stores were read several times in a month by 6.95%. Such an activity was performed by 3. 68% several times in a week and 5. 30% daily. Reading of posters or pamphlets was performed by 20. 62% in last three months 7. 75% several times in a month, 3. 40% several times in a week and 4. 53% daily. Use of newspapers and magazines was not high, with only 9. 39% reporting read such materials several times in the last three months, 3. 54% several times in a month, 2. 27% several times in a week and 2. 81% used daily. Story and Novels as reading materials were used by only 7. 19% several times in the last three month, 2.55%, several times in a month 1. 0% several times in a week and 2. 53% daily. Manuals and reference books were used by an insignificant proportion of the respondents. Only 2. 48% respondents used such materials several t imes in the last three months,0. 61% used 15 The Bangladesh Literacy Survey, 2010 several times in the last months,0. 12% used several times in the last week, and 0. 14% used it daily. Bills and invoices were also read by few numbers of respondents. Charts and Maps were used by only 1. 90% of the respondents several times in the last three months, 0.35% several times in a month, 0. 14% several times in a week, and 0. 09% daily. It may be noted that more than than 40% respondents can not read, and therefore, they could not use such reading materials at all. However, a high percentage of the respondents never used those materials, though they could read those materials. There exist urban-rural variations in the use of these reading materials. Use of all reading materials was higher in the urban than rural areas, particularly, reading the road-signs and names of stores, posters and pamphlets and newspapers and magazines.Table 9 Percentage distribution of reading times in last three m onths of population aged 5 years and over by place of residence, 2010 Frequency of reading habits Road Posters Newspapers Story signs or call of Pamphlets Magazines Novels stores Manuals Reference books Bills Invoices Charts Maps etc. National Cant read Never read Several times in last 3 months 100. 00 39. 14 14. 86 25. 00 7. 27 3. 87 6. 94 2. 91 0. 00 100 41. 94 14. 82 24. 24 6. 95 3. 68 100. 00 38. 66 20. 03 21. 19 7. 36 3. 51 5. 57 3. 68 0. 00 100 41. 47 19. 25 20. 62 7. 13 3. 40 100. 00 100. 00 38. 85 33. 14 9. 97 3. 91 2. 62 5.00 6. 52 0. 00 100 41. 65 33. 67 9. 39 3. 54 2. 27 38. 57 40. 60 7. 59 2. 74 1. 03 2. 54 6. 93 0. 00 100 41. 41 39. 02 7. 19 2. 53 1. 00 100. 00 38. 54 51. 44 2. 39 0. 71 0. 26 0. 40 6. 25 0. 00 100 41. 13 50. 37 2. 48 0. 61 0. 12 100. 00 38. 34 51. 96 2. 92 0. 79 0. 15 0. 21 5. 63 0. 00 100 41. 13 50. 37 2. 48 0. 61 0. 12 100. 00 38. 35 53. 21 1. 96 0. 37 0. 14 0. 11 5. 86 0. 00 100 41. 13 51. 25 1. 90 0. 35 0. 14 Several times in a month Several times in a week Daily No scope Not reported Rural Cant read Never read Several times in last 3 months Several times in a month Several times in a week 16.The Bangladesh Literacy Survey, 2010 Table 9 Percentage distribution of reading times in last three months of population aged 5 years and over by place of residence, 2010 Frequency of reading habits Road Posters Newspapers Story signs or Names of Pamphlets Magazines Novels stores Manuals Reference books Bills Invoices Charts Maps etc. Daily No scope Not reported Urban Cant read Never read Several times in last 3 months 5. 30 3. 07 0. 00 100 29. 97 14. 98 27. 50 8. 35 4. 51 12. 32 2. 38 0. 00 4. 53 3. 59 0. 00 100 29. 43 22. 60 23. 04 8. 13 3. 85 8. 99 3. 97 0. 00 2. 81 6. 66 0. 00 100 29. 63 31. 38 11.85 5. 11 3. 77 12. 19 6. 07 0. 00 2. 53 6. 32 0. 00 100 29. 26 45. 77 8. 90 3. 43 1. 13 2. 57 8. 94 0. 00 0. 14 5. 16 0. 00 100 29. 22 57. 88 2. 89 0. 86 0. 23 0. 48 8. 44 0. 00 0. 14 5. 16 0. 00 100 29. 18 57. 18 4. 38 1. 38 0. 27 0. 42 7. 19 0. 00 0. 09 5. 16 0. 00 100 29. 24 59. 66 2. 16 0. 45 0. 15 0. 18 8. 17 0. 00 Several times in a month Several times in a week Daily No scope Not reported 4. 2 Literacy Practice by Performing Different Activities Literacy practice by do different activities in the last three months by the population aged 5 years and over has been presented in table-10.Only 7% wrote personal letters several times in the last three months, 2. 40% wrote personal letters several times in a month, 0. 34% wrote personal letters several times in a week, and 0. 10% wrote daily. As regards writing official letters, 2. 60% wrote several times in the last three months 0. 94% wrote several times in a month, 0. 20% wrote several times in a week, and 0. 14% wrote daily. Filling out forms were done by 4. 89% respondents in the last three months, 1. 46% several times in a month, 0. 21% several times in a week, and 0. 13% daily.Writing a report several times in the last three months was done by only 1. 25%, 0. 42% in a month, 0. 13% in a week, and 0. 09% daily. 17 The Bangladesh Literacy Survey, 2010 Preparing bills and invoices in the last three months for several times was reported by 1. 19% of the respondents, 0. 49% several times in a month, 0. 12% several times in a week, and 0. 12% daily. As regards preparation of Charts and Maps, 1. 26% prepared these several times in last three months, 0. 27% several times in a month, 0. 17% several times in a week, and 0. 10% daily.Table 10 Percentage distribution of population aged 5 years and over by writing habit and performing activities, 2010 Frequency of reading habits National total Cant write Never write Several times in last 3 months Wrote personal letter 100. 00 46. 14 38. 53 7. 00 2. 40 0. 34 0. 10 5. 37 0. 11 Wrote official letter Filled in forms Wrote a report 100. 00 46. 22 46. 54 1. 25 0. 42 0. 13 0. 09 5. 18 0. 17 brisk bills/ invoices 100. 00 46. 23 46. 72 1. 19 0. 49 0. 12 0. 12 4. 96 0. 17 Prepared charts , maps, etc. 100. 00 46. 37 46. 59 1. 26 0. 27 0. 17 0. 10 5. 03 0. 21 100. 00 100. 00 46. 20 44. 23 2. 60 0. 94 0.20 0. 14 5. 56 0. 14 46. 10 42. 52 4. 89 1. 46 0. 21 0. 13 4. 55 0. 14 Several times in a month Several times in a week Daily No scope Not Reported There exist urban-rural variations in the use of writing skills, with more urban people using writing skills compared to rural people. 18 The Bangladesh Literacy Survey, 2010 4. 3 Use of Electronic Media by the Population for Education Purpose Use of electronic media such as radio and tv for educational purposes has been presented in Table-11. Among the males, 21. 94% had listened to educational programmes of the radio several times in last three months, 6.76% several times a month, 3. 06% several times a week, and 2. 82% daily. Educational programmes of idiot box was viewed by more people than radio, where 22. 95% viewed it several times in last three months, 14. 24% several times a month, 10. 91% several times a week, and 13. 87% viewed it d aily. Thus, although still low, watching television is more frequent than listening to radio programmes on education. The use of radio and television by females is slightly lower than that of males where 20. 46% listened to radio and 22. 95% viewed television several times in last three months.It is interesting to note that listening to educational programmes of radio or viewing of educational programmes on television was higher in rural than urban areas, with few exceptions. In the case of radio, 22. 44% rural males listened to it several times in last three months compared to 20. 28% for urban areas. For viewing the television several times in last three months, the percentage for rural males was 23. 18% as against 22. 20% for urban areas. In the case of females, 20. 65% listened to radio and 21. 68% viewed television several times during the last three months for the rural areas compared to 19.83% for radio and 22. 64% for television in the urban areas. Table 11 Percentage distri bution of population aged 5 years and over by gender, place of residence, habit of watching educational programmes in the electronic media in the last three months, 2010 Frequency of using different electronic media Male Never listen/observe Several times in last 3 months Several times in a month Several times in a week Daily National Radio 100. 00 50. 79 21. 94 6. 76 3. 06 2. 82 Television Radio Rural Television Urban Radio Television 100. 00 19. 40 22. 20 16. 77 9. 83 21. 51 100. 00 100. 00 27. 69 22.95 14. 24 10. 91 13. 87 51. 74 22. 44 6. 72 3. 01 2. 51 100. 00 100. 00 30. 19 23. 18 13. 48 11. 24 11. 56 47. 64 20. 28 6. 86 3. 20 3. 87 19 The Bangladesh Literacy Survey, 2010 Table 11 Percentage distribution of population aged 5 years and over by gender, place of residence, habit of watching educational programmes in the electronic media in the last three months, 2010 Frequency of using different electronic media No scope Not Reported Female Never listen/observe Several times in l ast 3 months Several times in a month Several times in a week Daily No scope Not Reported National Radio 13.60 1. 04 100. 00 53. 37 20. 46 5. 73 2. 67 2. 45 14. 17 1. 15 Television 9. 43 0. 91 32. 05 21. 90 12. 08 9. 09 13. 01 10. 70 1. 16 Radio 12. 59 1. 00 54. 75 20. 65 5. 62 2. 58 2. 03 13. 23 1. 15 Rural Television 9. 48 0. 88 35. 43 21. 68 11. 18 9. 23 10. 16 11. 13 1. 20 Urban Radio 16. 96 1. 19 48. 89 19. 83 6. 11 2. 98 3. 82 17. 22 1. 15 Television 9. 29 1. 00 100. 00 21. 06 22. 64 15. 03 8. 65 22. 27 9. 31 1. 04 100. 00 100. 00 100. 00 100. 00 20 The Bangladesh Literacy Survey, 2010 Section V Visit to Public Places for Attaining Literacy Skills.5. 0 Literacy Skills Development Visit of the respondents to public places such as libraries, bookstalls, news-stands and hamlet education community centres for reading purposes has been presented in Table-12. Only 3. 04% visited library several times in the last three months. Visits to other places such as book-stalls, news-stands and village education community centres were 10. 58%, 1. 72% and 0. 78% respectively. Visits to such places several times in a month were 0. 99% for library, 2. 73% for book-stalls, 0. 57% for news-stands and 0.18% for village education community centres. Visit to these places several times in a week was 0. 41% for library, 0. 43% for book-stalls, 0. 26% for news-stands and 0. 09% for village education community centres. Daily visits to these centres were 0. 45% for library, 0. 27% for book-stalls, 0. 32 for news-stands and 0. 36% for village education community centres. There exist variations in the use of these places by gender and place of residence, with fewer number of people from rural area visiting these places compared to those in urban areas.Also, the number of females visiting such places were lower than their male counterparts. Table 12 Percentage distribution of population aged 5 years and over by gender, place of residence and habit of visiting different places of educa tional interest in last three months, 2010 Frequency of visit Male National Didnt get a determine Never Several times in last 3 months 100. 00 19. 55 67. 01 3. 04 100. 00 17. 29 61. 85 10. 58 100. 00 17. 42 71. 35 1. 72 100. 00 17. 64 71. 03 0. 78 Library Book stall News stand Comm. centre 21 The Bangladesh Literacy Survey, 2010.Table 12 Percentage distribution of population aged 5 years and over by gender, place of residence and habit of visiting different places of educational interest in last three months, 2010 Frequency of visit Several times in a month Several times in a week Daily No scope Not Reported Rural Didnt get a chance Never Several times in last 3 months Several times in a month Several times in a week Daily No scope Not Reported Urban Didnt get a chance Never Several times in last 3 months Several times in a month Several times in a week Daily No scope Not Reported Female National Didnt get a chance Never Several times in last 3 months 100.00 17. 64 71. 03 0. 78 100 . 00 19. 71 67. 85 2. 10 100. 00 18. 03 64. 90 7. 19 100. 00 17. 89 71. 71 0. 92 Library 0. 99 0. 41 0. 45 8. 26 0. 29 100. 00 18. 53 68. 74 2. 74 0. 94 0. 37 0. 45 7. 96 0. 28 100. 00 22. 94 61. 28 4. 02 1. 18 0. 54 0. 47 9. 25 0. 31 Book stall 2. 73 0. 43 0. 27 6. 52 0. 33 100. 00 16. 33 63. 56 10. 34 2. 65 0. 37 0. 28 6. 14 0. 33 100. 00 20. 49 56. 16 11. 37 2. 99 0. 63 0. 25 7. 78 0. 33 News stand 0. 57 0. 26 0. 32 8. 00 0. 35 100. 00 16. 29 73. 30 1. 47 0. 49 0. 21 0. 30 7. 58 0. 36 100. 00 21. 19 64. 89 2. 54 0. 87 0.41 0. 38 9. 41 0. 32 Comm. centre 0. 18 0. 09 0. 36 9. 55 0. 37 100. 00 17. 15 71. 89 0. 90 0. 19 0. 11 0. 40 8. 99 0. 38 100. 00 19. 26 68. 20 0. 38 0. 13 0. 06 0. 21 11. 41 0. 35 22 The Bangladesh Literacy Survey, 2010 Table 12 Percentage distribution of population aged 5 years and over by gender, place of residence and habit of visiting different places of educational interest in last three months, 2010 Frequency of visit Several times in a month Several times in a week Daily No scope Not Reported Rural Didnt get a chance Never Several times in last.